通过共享投影与块跳过,让大模型压缩后仍保高性能。
SkipCat: Rank-Maximized Low-Rank Compression of Large Language Models via Shared Projection and Block Skipping
- 用共享投影减少冗余,提升压缩效率
- 通过跳过部分计算块,在相同压缩率下保留更高有效秩
- 无需微调,零样本任务准确率提升7%,适合边缘部署
大语言模型在诸多任务中表现优异,但其庞大的参数量给边缘设备的部署带来挑战。低秩压缩可降低计算和内存开销,但传统方法需将秩减半以上才能见效,导致性能显著下降。为此,我们提出SkipCat框架:首先采用层内共享低秩投影,多个矩阵共用同一输入投影,减少冗余;其次引入块跳过技术,跳过低秩分解中部分子块的计算与内存传输。二者结合使模型在相同压缩率下保留更高有效秩。实验表明,无需额外微调,该方法在相同压缩率下,零样本任务准确率较以往方法提升7%,验证了其在资源受限环境下高效保性能的优势。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large language models (LLM) have achieved remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks. However, their substantial parameter sizes pose significant challenges for deployment on edge devices with limited computational and memory resources. Low-rank compression is a promising approach to address this issue, as it reduces both computational and memory costs, making LLM more suitable for resource-constrained environments. Nonetheless, naïve low-rank compression methods require a significant reduction in the retained rank to achieve meaningful memory and computation savings. For a low-rank model, the ranks need to be reduced by more than half to yield efficiency gains. Such aggressive truncation, however, typically results in substantial performance degradation. To address this trade-off, we propose SkipCat, a novel low-rank compression framework that enables the use of higher ranks while achieving the same compression rates. First, we introduce an intra-layer shared low-rank projection method, where multiple matrices that share the same input use a common projection. This reduces redundancy and improves compression efficiency. Second, we propose a block skipping technique that omits computations and memory transfers for selected sub-blocks within the low-rank decomposition. These two techniques jointly enable our compressed model to retain more effective ranks under the same compression budget. Experimental results show that, without any additional fine-tuning, our method outperforms previous low-rank compression approaches by 7% accuracy improvement on zero-shot tasks under the same compression rate. These results highlight the effectiveness of our rank-maximized compression strategy in preserving model performance under tight resource constraints.
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