无需位置标签,通过无线信道数据重建室内无线电地图。
Blind Radio Mapping via Spatially Regularized Bayesian Trajectory Inference
- 利用非视距信道的时空连续性,构建与物理距离成比例的信道距离度量。
- 理论证明在泊松分布接入点下定位误差可趋近于零,即使角度分辨率差。
- 联合推断轨迹、信道特征和直达/非直达状态,适合无标注场景应用。
无线电地图通过捕捉信道特性的空间分布,支持智能无线应用。然而,传统构建方法依赖大量带位置标签的数据,成本高且不适用于多数实际场景。本文提出一种盲式无线电地图构建框架,仅从室内多输入多输出(MIMO)正交频分复用(OFDM)信道测量中推断用户轨迹,无需位置标签。首先证明,在准镜面环境模型下,非视距(NLOS)信道状态信息(CSI)具有空间连续性,由此导出与物理距离成比例的CSI-距离度量。对于泊松分布接入点部署下的直线轨迹,理论表明定位误差的Cramer-Rao下界(CRLB)随样本量增加趋于零,即使角分辨率较差。基于此理论,构建了空间正则化的贝叶斯推断框架,联合估计信道特征、区分直达(LOS)/非直达(NLOS)条件并恢复用户轨迹。在射线追踪数据集上的实验显示,平均定位误差为0.68米,波束图重建误差为3.3%,验证了该盲映射方法的有效性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Radio maps enable intelligent wireless applications by capturing the spatial distribution of channel characteristics. However, conventional construction methods demand extensive location-labeled data, which are costly and impractical in many real-world scenarios. This paper presents a blind radio map construction framework that infers user trajectories from indoor multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)-Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) channel measurements without relying on location labels. It first proves that channel state information (CSI) under non-line-of-sight (NLOS) exhibits spatial continuity under a quasi-specular environmental model, allowing the derivation of a CSI-distance metric that is proportional to the corresponding physical distance. For rectilinear trajectories in Poisson-distributed access point (AP) deployments, it is shown that the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) of localization error vanishes asymptotically, even under poor angular resolution. Building on these theoretical results, a spatially regularized Bayesian inference framework is developed that jointly estimates channel features, distinguishes line-of-sight (LOS)/NLOS conditions and recovers user trajectories. Experiments on a ray-tracing dataset demonstrate an average localization error of 0.68 m and a beam map reconstruction error of 3.3%, validating the effectiveness of the proposed blind mapping method.
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