将人类监督定义为关乎福祉的能力，推动其融入全周期教育
Beyond Procedural Compliance: Human Oversight as a Dimension of Well-being Efficacy in AI Governance
- 把人类监督看作融合AI素养与伦理判断的福祉能力
- 强调需通过教育培养人对复杂需求的识别与约束力
- 适合政策制定者与教育工作者参考落地安全伦理框架
主流AI伦理指南和法规（如欧盟人工智能法案）虽要求有效的人类监督，但未将其视为可发展独立能力。本文提出将人类监督置于新兴的福祉效能框架中，作为一项福祉能力，整合AI素养、伦理判断力及对人类需求的认知，承认部分需求可能冲突或有害。由于人们不可避免地向AI系统投射欲望、恐惧与利益，监督需具备审视并必要时约束不当诉求的能力。作者认为，该能力的可持续、低成本发展依赖于将其融入各级教育，从职业培训到终身学习。将人类监督构想为福祉能力，为从宏观监管目标到持续培育人类能动性与责任提供了实践路径，也为未来在多场景下研究福祉效能的教育实施与实证验证奠定理论基础。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Major AI ethics guidelines and laws, including the EU AI Act, call for effective human oversight, but do not define it as a distinct and developable capacity. This paper introduces human oversight as a well-being capacity, situated within the emerging Well-being Efficacy framework. The concept integrates AI literacy, ethical discernment, and awareness of human needs, acknowledging that some needs may be conflicting or harmful. Because people inevitably project desires, fears, and interests into AI systems, oversight requires the competence to examine and, when necessary, restrain problematic demands. The authors argue that the sustainable and cost-effective development of this capacity depends on its integration into education at every level, from professional training to lifelong learning. The frame of human oversight as a well-being capacity provides a practical path from high-level regulatory goals to the continuous cultivation of human agency and responsibility essential for safe and ethical AI. The paper establishes a theoretical foundation for future research on the pedagogical implementation and empirical validation of well-being effectiveness in multiple contexts.
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