用简单运动粒子模拟智能物质，实现集体涌现计算。
Intelligent matter consisting of active particles
- 通过设计可自组织的活性粒子系统，实现涌现式计算。
- 提出基于声波或光折射驱动的新型活性粒子储层计算方案。
- 适合对群体智能、物理计算感兴趣的科研人员。
本书章节回顾了由简单运动单元构成的系统如何作为通向智能系统的路径。自然界中，遵循简单规则的大规模群体（如动物群）能涌现出复杂集体行为，展现涌现现象。这引发思考：能否在合成物质中模拟此类行为，使集体表现达到智能系统水平？本文引入“智能物质”的形式化概念，并与活性物质领域的最新成果进行对比。首先探讨涌现计算方法，即设计特定活性物质系统，通过集体行为直接完成任务；随后对比基于活性粒子动态的物理储层计算。在此背景下，提出一种新型储层计算方案，利用超声波或光折射驱动活性粒子系统。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
In this book chapter, we review how systems of simple motile agents can be used as a pathway to intelligent systems. It is a well known result from nature that large groups of entities following simple rules, such as swarms of animals, can give rise to much more complex collective behavior in a display of emergence. This begs the question whether we can emulate this behavior in synthetic matter and drive it to a point where the collective behavior reaches the complexity level of intelligent systems. Here, we will use a formalized notion of "intelligent matter" and compare it to recent results in the field of active matter. First, we will explore the approach of emergent computing in which specialized active matter systems are designed to directly solve a given task through emergent behavior. This we will then contrast with the approach of physical reservoir computing powered by the dynamics of active particle systems. In this context, we will also describe a novel reservoir computing scheme for active particles driven ultrasonically or via light refraction.
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