用可视化工具帮量子神经网络选编码器,让设计更透明高效。
Towards Explainable Quantum AI: Informing the Encoder Selection of Quantum Neural Networks via Visualization
- 开发可视化工具XQAI-Eyes,对比输入数据与编码后量子态。
- 能分析不同类别量子态的混合情况,揭示编码器差异。
- 适合量子机器学习开发者和研究编码器设计的专家。
量子神经网络(QNN)融合了量子计算与神经网络架构,能在高维纠缠数据上实现加速处理。其中编码器负责将经典数据映射为量子态,但其选择仍依赖试错,缺乏系统指导。主要挑战在于:训练前难以评估编码后的量子态,且缺乏直观方法分析编码器对特征区分能力。为此,本文提出可视化工具XQAI-Eyes,可比较经典数据特征与对应量子态,并分析不同类别的混合量子态。该工具连接经典与量子视角,帮助理解编码器对QNN性能的影响。在多种数据集与编码设计上的评估表明,XQAI-Eyes有助于探索编码器设计与模型效果间的关系,提供一种全面透明的优化路径。领域专家借助该工具总结出两项关键实践:模式保留与特征映射原则。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Quantum Neural Networks (QNNs) represent a promising fusion of quantum computing and neural network architectures, offering speed-ups and efficient processing of high-dimensional, entangled data. A crucial component of QNNs is the encoder, which maps classical input data into quantum states. However, choosing suitable encoders remains a significant challenge, largely due to the lack of systematic guidance and the trial-and-error nature of current approaches. This process is further impeded by two key challenges: (1) the difficulty in evaluating encoded quantum states prior to training, and (2) the lack of intuitive methods for analyzing an encoder's ability to effectively distinguish data features. To address these issues, we introduce a novel visualization tool, XQAI-Eyes, which enables QNN developers to compare classical data features with their corresponding encoded quantum states and to examine the mixed quantum states across different classes. By bridging classical and quantum perspectives, XQAI-Eyes facilitates a deeper understanding of how encoders influence QNN performance. Evaluations across diverse datasets and encoder designs demonstrate XQAI-Eyes's potential to support the exploration of the relationship between encoder design and QNN effectiveness, offering a holistic and transparent approach to optimizing quantum encoders. Moreover, domain experts used XQAI-Eyes to derive two key practices for quantum encoder selection, grounded in the principles of pattern preservation and feature mapping.
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