arXiv:2512.14202cs.LGcs.AI2025-12

提出改进超球强化学习的训练稳定性方法,显著提升性能与效率。

Understanding and Improving Hyperbolic Deep Reinforcement Learning

  • 通过分析梯度机制,发现大范数嵌入导致训练不稳定。
  • 在ProcGen上实现稳定学习,比之前方法快30%且性能更优。
  • 适合研究高阶结构建模与高效强化学习的开发者使用。

超球几何的指数体积增长可比欧氏空间更少失真地嵌入强化学习中的状态层级关系。然而,超球深度强化学习面临严重优化挑战,且缺乏对优化失败原因的正式分析。我们识别出决定超球深度强化学习成败的关键因素。通过分析庞加莱球和双曲面模型中核心操作的梯度,发现大范数嵌入会破坏基于梯度的训练,导致近端策略优化(PPO)的信任域违规。基于此,我们提出Hyper++,包含三个组件:(1) 特征正则化,保证嵌入范数有界且避免裁剪带来的维度诅咒;(2) 分类值损失,实现稳定的批评家训练;(3) 更利于优化的超球网络层形式。在ProcGen上,Hyper++确保稳定学习,优于先前超球代理,壁钟时间减少约30%。在Atari-5上,结合Double DQN,Hyper++显著超越欧氏和超球基线。代码已开源:https://github.com/Probabilistic-and-Interactive-ML/hyper-rl。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The exponential volume growth of hyperbolic geometry can embed the hierarchical relationships between states in reinforcement learning (RL) with far less distortion than Euclidean space. However, hyperbolic deep RL faces severe optimization challenges, and formal analysis of why optimization fails is lacking. We identify key factors that determine the success and failure of training hyperbolic deep RL agents. By analyzing the gradients of core operations in the Poincaré Ball and Hyperboloid models of hyperbolic geometry, we show that large-norm embeddings destabilize gradient-based training, leading to trust-region violations in proximal policy optimization (PPO). Based on these insights, we introduce Hyper++, a new hyperbolic deep RL agent that consists of three components: (1) feature regularization guaranteeing bounded norms while avoiding the curse of dimensionality from clipping; (2) a categorical value loss for stable critic training; and (3) a more optimization-friendly formulation of hyperbolic network layers. On ProcGen, we show that Hyper++ guarantees stable learning, outperforms prior hyperbolic agents, and reduces wall-clock time by approximately 30%. On Atari-5 with Double DQN, Hyper++ strongly outperforms Euclidean and hyperbolic baselines. We release our code at https://github.com/Probabilistic-and-Interactive-ML/hyper-rl.

强化学习超球几何训练稳定深度学习

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