用图扩散模型生成城市风场,仅需建筑几何即可快速模拟复杂风流。
Generative Urban Flow Modeling: From Geometry to Airflow with Graph Diffusion
- 结合图神经网络与得分扩散,从几何信息生成风速场。
- 能复现涡流、回流等关键流态,支持未见场景泛化。
- 适合城市规划者在密度和气候不确定性下快速评估设计。
城市风场建模与仿真对空气质量评估和可持续城市规划至关重要。城市景观的复杂几何结构是建模的主要挑战:低阶模型难以捕捉几何影响,而高保真计算流体动力学(CFD)模拟成本过高,尤其在多几何或多种风况下。本文提出一种生成式扩散框架,可在非结构化网格上仅凭几何信息合成稳态城市风场。该框架融合分层图神经网络与基于得分的扩散建模,无需时间演算或密集测量即可生成准确且多样化的速度场。模型在多个网格切片和风向条件下训练,可泛化至未见几何,恢复尾流、回流区等关键流动结构,并提供不确定性感知预测。消融实验验证了其对网格变化的鲁棒性及不同推理模式下的性能表现。本工作是构建建筑环境基础模型的初步尝试,有助于城市规划者在城市密化与气候不确定背景下快速评估设计方案。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Urban wind flow modeling and simulation play an important role in air quality assessment and sustainable city planning. A key challenge for modeling and simulation is handling the complex geometries of the urban landscape. Low order models are limited in capturing the effects of geometry, while high-fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are prohibitively expensive, especially across multiple geometries or wind conditions. Here, we propose a generative diffusion framework for synthesizing steady-state urban wind fields over unstructured meshes that requires only geometry information. The framework combines a hierarchical graph neural network with score-based diffusion modeling to generate accurate and diverse velocity fields without requiring temporal rollouts or dense measurements. Trained across multiple mesh slices and wind angles, the model generalizes to unseen geometries, recovers key flow structures such as wakes and recirculation zones, and offers uncertainty-aware predictions. Ablation studies confirm robustness to mesh variation and performance under different inference regimes. This work develops is the first step towards foundation models for the built environment that can help urban planners rapidly evaluate design decisions under densification and climate uncertainty.
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