用Transformer检测车队车辆异常,实时防骗车
Attention in Motion: Secure Platooning via Transformer-based Misbehavior Detection
- 用自注意力机制捕捉车辆间动态关系,识别伪装数据
- 在4种控制器上检测准确率超0.93,误报率极低
- 适合车载和路边设备部署,推理延迟低于1毫秒
车联网编队通过车联万物(V2X)通信实现多车协同,显著提升交通效率与安全。但分布式协同带来安全隐患,已认证车辆可注入虚假运动数据,破坏编队稳定性并威胁乘客安全。传统检测方法依赖合理性检验与统计分析,存在高误报率,且难以捕捉多车协同中的复杂时序依赖。本文提出针对边缘部署的实时异常检测框架AIMformer,利用多头自注意力机制建模单车时序动态,并引入时空变体以捕捉车际空间关联;采用带车辆时序偏移的全局位置编码处理车辆加入/退出操作;设计精度导向的二值交叉熵损失函数(PFBCE),强化对误报的惩罚,满足关键安全系统要求。在4种编队控制器、多种攻击方式及多样化移动场景下的评估显示,性能优于现有最佳模型(≥0.93)。基于TensorFlow Lite、ONNX与TensorRT的部署分析表明,推理延迟低于1毫秒,具备在资源受限边缘平台实时运行能力。因此,该方案适用于车载与路侧部署。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Vehicular platooning promises transformative improvements in transportation efficiency and safety through the coordination of multi-vehicle formations enabled by Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication. However, the distributed nature of platoon coordination creates security vulnerabilities, allowing authenticated vehicles to inject falsified kinematic data, compromise operational stability, and pose a threat to passenger safety. Traditional misbehaviour detection approaches, which rely on plausibility checks and statistical methods, suffer from high False Positive (FP) rates and cannot capture the complex temporal dependencies inherent in multi-vehicle coordination dynamics. We present Attention In Motion (AIMformer), a transformer-based framework specifically tailored for real-time misbehaviour detection in vehicular platoons with edge deployment capabilities. AIMformer leverages multi-head self-attention mechanisms to capture intra-vehicle temporal dynamics, with a spatio-temporal variant that further models inter-vehicle spatial correlations. It incorporates global positional encoding with vehicle-specific temporal offsets to handle join/exit maneuvers. We propose a Precision-Focused Binary Cross-Entropy (PFBCE) loss function that penalizes FPs to meet the requirements of safety-critical vehicular systems. Extensive evaluation across 4 platoon controllers, multiple attack vectors, and diverse mobility scenarios demonstrates superior performance ($\geq$ 0.93) compared to state-of-the-art baseline architectures. A comprehensive deployment analysis utilizing TensorFlow Lite (TFLite), Open Neural Network Exchange (ONNX), and TensorRT achieves sub-millisecond inference latency, making it suitable for real-time operation on resource-constrained edge platforms. Hence, validating AIMformer is viable for both in-vehicle and roadside deployment.
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