arXiv:2512.15618cs.CVeess.SP2025-12

通过追踪雷达图像序列中的特征,提升对太空物体结构的识别准确率。

Persistent feature reconstruction of resident space objects (RSOs) within inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images

  • 用霍夫变换结合梯度比法检测线性特征并跨帧追踪。
  • 在100公里距离下实现亚厘米级分辨率,特征追踪显著提升识别可信度。
  • 适合需要高精度空间态势感知的卫星监测与异常检测场景。

近地轨道中在轨空间物体(RSOs)数量迅速增长,亟需获取其状态与能力细节以实现空间态势感知(SDA)。基于空间的传感可在更近距离、不受大气影响且多角度下对RSO进行探测。先前研究已提出使用亚太赫兹逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)系统,实现了最远100公里距离下的亚厘米级成像分辨率。本文聚焦于通过连续序列中特征的检测与追踪,识别卫星外部结构。采用霍夫变换检测线性特征,并在图像序列中进行追踪。利用元启发式模拟器生成涵盖多种部署场景的ISAR图像。通过一系列仿射变换实现帧间初步对齐,以支持特征关联。在单幅图像中采用梯度比方法进行边缘检测,再结合边缘幅度与方向,驱动双权重霍夫变换,实现高精度特征检测。分析了特征在图像序列中的演化过程。结果表明,该方法可显著提升特征检测与分类的置信度,文中还展示了鲁棒检测阴影特征的应用案例。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

With the rapidly growing population of resident space objects (RSOs) in the near-Earth space environment, detailed information about their condition and capabilities is needed to provide Space Domain Awareness (SDA). Space-based sensing will enable inspection of RSOs at shorter ranges, independent of atmospheric effects, and from all aspects. The use of a sub-THz inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging and sensing system for SDA has been proposed in previous work, demonstrating the achievement of sub-cm image resolution at ranges of up to 100 km. This work focuses on recognition of external structures by use of sequential feature detection and tracking throughout the aligned ISAR images of the satellites. The Hough transform is employed to detect linear features, which are tracked throughout the sequence. ISAR imagery is generated via a metaheuristic simulator capable of modelling encounters for a variety of deployment scenarios. Initial frame-to-frame alignment is achieved through a series of affine transformations to facilitate later association between image features. A gradient-by-ratio method is used for edge detection within individual ISAR images, and edge magnitude and direction are subsequently used to inform a double-weighted Hough transform to detect features with high accuracy. Feature evolution during sequences of frames is analysed. It is shown that the use of feature tracking within sequences with the proposed approach will increase confidence in feature detection and classification, and an example use-case of robust detection of shadowing as a feature is presented.

ISAR成像特征追踪空间感知

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