高保真模拟软机器人,支持自定义材料与控制优化。
SORS: A Modular, High-Fidelity Simulator for Soft Robots
- 基于有限元的能量框架,模块化设计可扩展材料与驱动模型。
- 采用序列二次规划优化接触,实现稳定准确的物理交互模拟。
- 适用于软体机器人原型设计,提升仿真到现实的可靠性。
复杂软机器人在多物理场环境中的部署需要先进的仿真框架,以准确捕捉不同材料间的相互作用并反映真实性能。软机器人因大非线性变形、材料不可压缩性及接触交互,带来建模挑战,影响数值稳定性和物理准确性。尽管已有进展,现有机器人仿真器仍难以以可扩展且应用相关的方式建模这些现象。本文提出SORS(Soft Over Rigid Simulator),一个多功能、高保真的仿真器,专为软机器人应用设计。其基于能量的有限元框架支持模块化扩展,可集成定制材料与驱动模型。为确保接触处理的物理一致性,引入基于序列二次规划的约束非线性优化,实现接触现象的稳定与精确模拟。通过一系列真实世界实验验证:悬臂梁偏转、软机械臂压力驱动、PokeFlex数据集中的接触交互。此外,展示了该框架在软腿机器人控制优化中的潜力。测试表明,该仿真器能高保真捕捉基本材料行为与复杂驱动动力学。通过弥合此类挑战领域的仿真与现实差距,本方法为下一代软机器人原型开发提供经验证的工具,填补了可扩展性、保真度与可用性的空白。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The deployment of complex soft robots in multiphysics environments requires advanced simulation frameworks that not only capture interactions between different types of material, but also translate accurately to real-world performance. Soft robots pose unique modeling challenges due to their large nonlinear deformations, material incompressibility, and contact interactions, which complicate both numerical stability and physical accuracy. Despite recent progress, robotic simulators often struggle with modeling such phenomena in a scalable and application-relevant manner. We present SORS (Soft Over Rigid Simulator), a versatile, high-fidelity simulator designed to handle these complexities for soft robot applications. Our energy-based framework, built on the finite element method, allows modular extensions, enabling the inclusion of custom-designed material and actuation models. To ensure physically consistent contact handling, we integrate a constrained nonlinear optimization based on sequential quadratic programming, allowing for stable and accurate modeling of contact phenomena. We validate our simulator through a diverse set of real-world experiments, which include cantilever deflection, pressure-actuation of a soft robotic arm, and contact interactions from the PokeFlex dataset. In addition, we showcase the potential of our framework for control optimization of a soft robotic leg. These tests confirm that our simulator can capture both fundamental material behavior and complex actuation dynamics with high physical fidelity. By bridging the sim-to-real gap in these challenging domains, our approach provides a validated tool for prototyping next-generation soft robots, filling the gap of extensibility, fidelity, and usability in the soft robotic ecosystem.
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