arXiv:2512.16145cs.CLcs.AI2025-12被引 4

用强化学习提升报告临床准确性,让生成结果更符合医学实际。

MRG-R1: Reinforcement Learning for Clinically Aligned Medical Report Generation

  • 用语义驱动的强化学习优化报告整体临床正确性,而非逐词匹配。
  • 在IU X-Ray和MIMIC-CXR数据集上,关键发现覆盖率达89.2%以上。
  • 适合关注临床实用性的医疗AI研究者与医生辅助系统开发者。

医学报告生成旨在从医学影像自动生成放射科风格报告,支持高效准确的临床决策。然而,现有方法主要依赖基于词元的似然训练,倾向于局部词汇匹配,使临床正确性在训练目标中未被明确约束。这种行为源于词元级似然优化,仅奖励表面形式一致,无法直接编码医学发现的准确性约束。为解决这一目标偏差,我们提出一种语义驱动的强化学习框架MRG-R1,直接优化报告级别的临床正确性,而非词元级似然。其核心是临床基础的报告级奖励函数,强化生成报告与参考报告在临床相关发现上的语义一致性,从而提供超越表面语言对齐的医学正确性学习信号。评估显示,该框架显著提升了生成报告中临床相关发现的准确性和覆盖率,且在IU X-Ray和MIMIC-CXR基准数据集上达到最优临床效能。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Medical report generation aims to automatically produce radiology-style reports from medical images, supporting efficient and accurate clinical decision-making.However, existing approaches predominately rely on token-level likelihood training, which favors local lexical matching and leaves clinical correctness under-specified in the training objective. This behavior can be attributed to token-level likelihood optimization, which rewards surface-form agreement and therefore fails to directly encode constraints on medically accurate findings. To address this objective mismatch, we introduce a semantic-driven reinforcement learning (SRL) framework for medical report generation, named MRG-R1, which directly optimizes report-level clinical correctness rather than token-level likelihood. The key module is a clinically grounded report-level reward function, which reinforces semantic agreement in clinically relevant findings between generated and reference reports, thereby enabling learning signals that explicitly constrain medical correctness beyond surface linguistic alignment. Our evaluations show that the proposed framework improves the accuracy and coverage of clinically relevant findings in generated reports, and that MRG-R1 achieves state-of-the-art clinical efficacy on the IU X-Ray and MIMIC-CXR benchmark datasets.

医疗报告生成强化学习临床对齐医学AI

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