用匿名数据生成真实城市出行轨迹,保护隐私还能做精准分析。
Privacy-Preserving Synthetic Dataset of Individual Daily Trajectories for City-Scale Mobility Analytics
- 从汇总数据重构个人出行轨迹,不依赖真实位置信息。
- 在东京和福冈验证,轨迹停留时长与访问频率匹配度高。
- 适合城市规划、交通预测等需高精度数据的机构使用。
城市出行数据对城市规划、交通需求预测和疫情建模等应用至关重要;然而,源自手机定位的个体轨迹因重识别风险通常无法共享。聚合数据如起止点(OD)矩阵虽可部分揭示行为特征,但难以捕捉日常出行的核心规律,限制了真实城市尺度的分析。本研究提出一种隐私保护的合成出行数据生成方法,通过整合OD流量与两类互补的行为约束:(1) 仅以粗略统计形式存在的停留-移动时间分位数;(2) 日常访问地点数量的普适分布规律。将这些要素嵌入多目标优化框架,可在无需个人标识的前提下复现真实的出行分布。该方法在两个截然不同的日本区域验证:(1) 东京23区,代表高密度都市环境;(2) 福冈县,城乡混合模式并存。合成数据在停留-移动时间分布与访问频率分布上表现高度一致,而OD一致性偏差处于日常波动自然范围内。研究结果为现实约束下提供了一条可行的合成路径,使政府、城市规划者及产业界能以可扩展方式获取高分辨率出行数据,用于可靠分析,且无需敏感个人记录,支持政策与商业场景的实际部署。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Urban mobility data are indispensable for urban planning, transportation demand forecasting, pandemic modeling, and many other applications; however, individual mobile phone-derived Global Positioning System traces cannot generally be shared with third parties owing to severe re-identification risks. Aggregated records, such as origin-destination (OD) matrices, offer partial insights but fail to capture the key behavioral properties of daily human movement, limiting realistic city-scale analyses. This study presents a privacy-preserving synthetic mobility dataset that reconstructs daily trajectories from aggregated inputs. The proposed method integrates OD flows with two complementary behavioral constraints: (1) dwell-travel time quantiles that are available only as coarse summary statistics and (2) the universal law for the daily distribution of the number of visited locations. Embedding these elements in a multi-objective optimization framework enables the reproduction of realistic distributions of human mobility while ensuring that no personal identifiers are required. The proposed framework is validated in two contrasting regions of Japan: (1) the 23 special wards of Tokyo, representing a dense metropolitan environment; and (2) Fukuoka Prefecture, where urban and suburban mobility patterns coexist. The resulting synthetic mobility data reproduce dwell-travel time and visit frequency distributions with high fidelity, while deviations in OD consistency remain within the natural range of daily fluctuations. The results of this study establish a practical synthesis pathway under real-world constraints, providing governments, urban planners, and industries with scalable access to high-resolution mobility data for reliable analytics without the need for sensitive personal records, and supporting practical deployments in policy and commercial domains.
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