通过计算分析，发现东波利尼西亚月历分化与语言演化同步。
Computational analysis reveals historical trajectory of East-Polynesian lunar calendars
- 用词法和结构对比49个月历列表，构建系统发生树。
- 月历分为两组，分别对应马奎萨斯、曼加雷瓦和复活节岛，以及新西兰等岛群。
- 月历分化模式与语言分支高度一致，反映早期移民路径。
我们研究了在东波利尼西亚广泛存在的“月亮之夜”月历，包括复活节岛（拉帕努伊）。利用计算方法，分析了来自主要群岛的49个日历列表，每个包含约30个夜晚名称。结果以根植的系统发生树形式呈现，清晰地分为两大类：一类包含拉帕努伊、曼加雷瓦和马克萨斯群岛的列表；另一类则包括新西兰、夏威夷、库克群岛、社会群岛、塔希提和土阿莫图群岛的列表。该模式与东波利尼西亚语言最近提出的‘远系’（马奎萨斯语、曼加雷瓦语、拉帕努伊语）与‘近系’（毛利语、夏威夷语、塔希提语等）分类相吻合。由于语言和月历都是社区传承并演变的符号系统，且各群岛地理隔离明显，我们将其对应关系解释为早期东波利尼西亚月历分化反映了该地区的早期人口迁徙与语言分裂。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
We investigate a type of lunar calendar known as lists of the 'nights of the moon', found throughout East Polynesia, including Rapa Nui (Easter Island). Using computational methods, we analyzed the lexical and structural divergence of 49 calendric lists from all major archipelagos, each containing about 30 night names. Our results, presented as a rooted phylogenetic tree, show a clear split into two main groups: one including lists from Rapa Nui, Mangareva, and the Marquesas; the other comprising lists from New Zealand, Hawaii, the Cook Islands, the Austral Islands, Tahiti, and the Tuamotu. This pattern aligns with a recent alternative classification of East Polynesian languages into 'Distal' (Marquesan, Mangarevan, Rapanui) and 'Proximal' (Maori, Hawaiian, Tahitian, etc.) subgroups. Since both language and lunar calendars are symbolic systems passed down and changed within communities - and given the geographic isolation of many archipelagos - we interpret this correspondence as evidence that the early divergence of East Polynesian lunar calendars mirrors early population movements and language splits in the region.
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