arXiv:2512.17875cs.CVcs.LG2025-12被引 5

视觉提示基准对细节异常敏感,微小改动可彻底改变模型排名。

Visually Prompted Benchmarks Are Surprisingly Fragile

  • 通过多种视觉标记设计测试模型,发现颜色、大小等细节影响巨大。
  • 调整标记大小后,开源模型InternVL3-8B超越大型闭源模型如Gemini 2.5 Pro。
  • JPEG压缩等低层设置也会影响结果,建议统一评测标准。

评估视觉语言模型(VLMs)的关键挑战在于检验其是否能独立于文本先验分析视觉内容。近期的BLINK等基准通过视觉提示测试视觉感知,即问题与图像中目标坐标的标注配对。然而我们发现,现有模型对视觉提示中的看似无关细节异常脆弱:仅将标记颜色从红色改为蓝色,即可完全改变模型在排行榜上的顺序。我们在两个视觉提示任务上评估了九种常用开放与闭源VLMs,发现基准设计细节(如视觉标记样式、数据集规模)对模型表现和排名有显著影响,甚至可人为操纵使弱模型超越强模型。例如,略微增大标记尺寸后,开源模型InternVL3-8B的表现可媲美或优于更大规模的闭源模型Gemini 2.5 Pro。此外,常被忽视的底层推理选择(如API调用中的JPEG压缩级别)也会导致排名变化。这些影响远超传统语义型VLM评估。为缓解不稳定性,我们整理并扩展现有数据集,构建了包含16种视觉标记变体的更大规模基准VPBench。相关数据与分析框架已开源:https://lisadunlap.github.io/vpbench/

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

A key challenge in evaluating VLMs is testing models' ability to analyze visual content independently from their textual priors. Recent benchmarks such as BLINK probe visual perception through visual prompting, where questions about visual content are paired with coordinates to which the question refers, with the coordinates explicitly marked in the image itself. While these benchmarks are an important part of VLM evaluation, we find that existing models are surprisingly fragile to seemingly irrelevant details of visual prompting: simply changing a visual marker from red to blue can completely change rankings among models on a leaderboard. By evaluating nine commonly-used open- and closed-source VLMs on two visually prompted tasks, we demonstrate how details in benchmark setup, including visual marker design and dataset size, have a significant influence on model performance and leaderboard rankings. These effects can even be exploited to lift weaker models above stronger ones; for instance, slightly increasing the size of the visual marker results in open-source InternVL3-8B ranking alongside or better than much larger proprietary models like Gemini 2.5 Pro. We further show that low-level inference choices that are often ignored in benchmarking, such as JPEG compression levels in API calls, can also cause model lineup changes. These details have substantially larger impacts on visually prompted benchmarks than on conventional semantic VLM evaluations. To mitigate this instability, we curate existing datasets to create VPBench, a larger visually prompted benchmark with 16 visual marker variants. We open-source VPBench and our analysis framework at: https://lisadunlap.github.io/vpbench/.

视觉提示模型评估基准脆弱性VLM

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