arXiv:2512.18180cs.LG2025-12

在仅有部分节点相似性信息时,仍能实现图神经网络的个体公平性增强。

FairExpand: Individual Fairness on Graphs with Partial Similarity Information

  • 通过两阶段交替优化,逐步传播有限相似性信息以提升公平性。
  • 在多个数据集上保持模型性能的同时显著提升个体公平性。
  • 适合真实场景中相似性信息不完整但需公平性的图学习任务。

个体公平性要求算法系统对相似个体应给予相似对待,已成为公平机器学习的核心原则。在用户建模、推荐系统和搜索等高风险网络应用中,该原则尤为重要。然而,现有方法通常假设所有节点对之间都有预定义的相似性信息,这一要求在实际中难以满足。本文提出 FairExpand,一种在仅部分节点对具有相似性信息的更现实场景下,促进图表示学习中个体公平性的灵活框架。FairExpand 采用两步流程:先用主干模型(如图神经网络)优化节点表示,再逐步传播相似性信息,使公平性约束可扩展至全图。大量实验表明,FairExpand 在保持模型性能的同时持续提升个体公平性,为现实应用中存在局部相似性信息的图学习任务提供了实用解决方案。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Individual fairness, which requires that similar individuals should be treated similarly by algorithmic systems, has become a central principle in fair machine learning. Individual fairness has garnered traction in graph representation learning due to its practical importance in high-stakes Web areas such as user modeling, recommender systems, and search. However, existing methods assume the existence of predefined similarity information over all node pairs, an often unrealistic requirement that prevents their operationalization in practice. In this paper, we assume the similarity information is only available for a limited subset of node pairs and introduce FairExpand, a flexible framework that promotes individual fairness in this more realistic partial information scenario. FairExpand follows a two-step pipeline that alternates between refining node representations using a backbone model (e.g., a graph neural network) and gradually propagating similarity information, which allows fairness enforcement to effectively expand to the entire graph. Extensive experiments show that FairExpand consistently enhances individual fairness while preserving performance, making it a practical solution for enabling graph-based individual fairness in real-world applications with partial similarity information.

图神经网络个体公平性相似性传播推荐系统

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