猴子评估奖励时，更依赖他人客观奖赏差异，而非推断对方主观感受。
Social Comparison without Explicit Inference of Others' Reward Values: A Constructive Approach Using a Probabilistic Generative Model
- 用生成模型模拟猴子社会比较行为，对比三种不同信息处理方式。
- 外部比较模型分类准确率达0.88，优于推断主观价值的模型（0.85）。
- 研究揭示社会比较可能基于客观奖赏差异，适合认知科学与类脑智能研究者。
社会比较——即个体根据他人情况评估自身奖励——是嫉妒等社会情绪的核心，也是灵长类社会认知的基础。然而，他人奖励信息如何影响个体自身奖励估值仍不明确。本研究探讨猴子是仅识别奖励的客观差异，还是推断他人的主观价值。采用一种构建性方法（通过人工系统复现目标情绪并提取知识），模拟猴子在社会情境中的互动。构建了三种计算模型：内部预测模型（IPM，推断伙伴主观价值）、无比较模型（NCM，忽略伙伴信息）、外部比较模型（ECM，直接使用伙伴客观奖励）。在包含一对猴子行为、奖励及条件刺激的数据集上训练模型，并评估其在预设实验条件下对主观价值的分类能力。结果表明，外部比较模型表现最优（兰德指数0.88），显著优于内部预测模型（0.85），说明在该建模框架下，社会比较依赖于客观奖励差异，而非对他人主观价值的推断。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Social comparison$\unicode{x2014}$the process of evaluating one's rewards relative to others$\unicode{x2014}$is an essential feature of social emotions such as envy and plays a fundamental role in primate social cognition. However, it remains unknown how information about others' rewards affects one's own reward valuation. This study examines whether monkeys merely recognize objective differences in reward or instead infer others' subjective reward valuations. To address this issue, a constructive approach$\unicode{x2014}$one that replicates target emotions in artificial systems and extracts knowledge from them$\unicode{x2014}$was employed, owing to its potential to simulate how the monkey interacts with social contexts, specifically social comparison. We developed three computational models with varying degrees of social information processing: an Internal Prediction Model (IPM), which infers the partner's subjective values; a No Comparison Model (NCM), which disregards partner information; and an External Comparison Model (ECM), which directly incorporates the partner's objective rewards. We trained the models on a dataset containing the behavior of a pair of monkeys, their rewards, and the conditioned stimuli, and then evaluated the models' ability to classify subjective values across pre-defined experimental conditions. The ECM achieved the best classification result (0.88 for the ECM vs. 0.85 for the IPM on the Rand index), suggesting that, in our modeling framework, social comparison relies on objective differences in reward rather than on inferences about subjective reward values.
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