用交叉注意力融合量子与经典特征,提升复杂数据分类效果。
Practical Quantum-Classical Feature Fusion for complex data Classification
- 量子特征通过注意力机制与经典表示动态交互
- 在多个复杂数据集上显著优于纯量子和传统混合模型
- 适合处理高维表格与半结构化数据,如医疗诊断
混合量子-经典学习旨在结合量子特征映射与经典神经网络的鲁棒性,但现有架构多将量子电路视为独立特征提取器,仅通过拼接方式融合测量结果。这忽略了量子与经典分支的本质差异,导致在复杂高维表格及半结构化数据(如遥感、环境监测、医学诊断)上表现受限。本文提出一种多模态混合学习框架,设计交叉注意力中层融合结构:由经典表示通过注意力模块查询量子生成的特征项,并引入残差连接。量子分支控制在实用的NISQ预算内,最多使用九个量子比特。在Wine、Breast Cancer、Forest CoverType、FashionMNIST和SteelPlatesFaults五个数据集上,对比纯量子模型、经典基线、残差混合模型与所提中层融合模型。结果显示,纯量子与标准混合模型因测量导致的信息损失而表现不佳;而交叉注意力中层融合模型始终表现稳健,在多数复杂数据集上实现性能提升。表明量子信息只有通过严谨的多模态融合才能发挥最大价值,而非孤立使用或简单拼接。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Hybrid quantum and classical learning aims to couple quantum feature maps with the robustness of classical neural networks, yet most architectures treat the quantum circuit as an isolated feature extractor and merge its measurements with classical representations by direct concatenation. This neglects that the quantum and classical branches constitute distinct computational modalities and limits reliable performance on complex, high dimensional tabular and semi structured data, including remote sensing, environmental monitoring, and medical diagnostics. We present a multimodal formulation of hybrid learning and propose a cross attention mid fusion architecture in which a classical representation queries quantum derived feature tokens through an attention block with residual connectivity. The quantum branch is kept within practical NISQ budgets and uses up to nine qubits. We evaluate on Wine, Breast Cancer, Forest CoverType, FashionMNIST, and SteelPlatesFaults, comparing a quantum only model, a classical baseline, residual hybrid models, and the proposed mid fusion model under a consistent protocol. Pure quantum and standard hybrid designs underperform due to measurement induced information loss, while cross attention mid fusion is consistently competitive and improves performance on the more complex datasets in most cases. These findings suggest that quantum derived information becomes most valuable when integrated through principled multimodal fusion rather than used in isolation or loosely appended to classical features.
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