arXiv:2512.19469cs.CEcs.LG2025-12

用预训练生成模型协同设计复杂系统,兼顾可行性与多样性。

GLUE: Coordinating Pre-Trained Generative Models for System-Level Design

  • 通过可微分接口协调多个冻结的生成模型,实现系统级设计
  • 数据自由方法仅需10分钟训练,几何评估次数减少超百倍
  • 适合工程设计自动化与模块化生成流程研究者

复杂系统(如飞机、建筑、车辆)的设计需协调子系统间的几何与性能耦合。随着各领域专用生成模型的普及,如何协调已冻结的预训练子模型,生成可行、多样且高性能的整系统设计成为关键挑战。本文提出GLUE,通过端到端可微分的隐空间映射,协调预训练生成器并确保系统级可行性、最优性与多样性。我们对比了两类方法:(i) 基于预先生成系统级设计的数据驱动模型,(ii) 基于可微分几何层的数据自由模型。在包含五个耦合约束的无人机设计问题上,数据驱动方法能生成多样化高绩效设计,但需大规模数据集以可靠满足约束;数据自由方法在性能和可行性上媲美贝叶斯优化与梯度优化,仅用约10分钟即可在RTX 4090 GPU上完成训练,几何评估次数和计算量较数据驱动方法减少两个数量级以上。我们识别出等式约束满足是主要难点,并对改进该问题的方法进行了消融分析。本工作为将生成设计扩展至真实世界复杂工程系统提供了首个模块化生成流程探索。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Engineering complex systems (aircraft, buildings, vehicles) requires coordinating geometric and performance couplings across subsystems. As generative models proliferate for specialized domains, a key research gap is how to coordinate frozen, pre-trained submodels to generate full-system designs that are feasible, diverse, and high-performing. We introduce GLUE, which orchestrates pre-trained, frozen generators while enforcing system-level feasibility, optimality, and diversity. Compatible models must be end-to-end differentiable with a smooth, well-behaved latent-to-output mapping. We propose and benchmark (i) data-driven GLUE models trained on pre-generated system-level designs and (ii) a data-free GLUE model trained on a differentiable geometry layer. On a UAV design problem with five coupling constraints, we find that data-driven approaches yield diverse, high-performing designs but require large datasets to satisfy constraints reliably. The data-free approach is competitive with Bayesian optimization and gradient-based optimization in performance and feasibility while training a full generative model in only ~10 min on an RTX 4090 GPU, requiring more than two orders of magnitude fewer geometry evaluations and FLOPs than the data-driven method. We identify equality constraint satisfaction as a key difficulty and remaining limitation, and ablate approaches that improve this for the data-free approach. As a first step toward scaling generative design to complex, real-world engineering systems, this work explores how unmodified, domain-informed submodels can be integrated into a modular generative workflow.

生成设计协同建模系统工程可微分生成

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