arXiv:2512.20423cs.CRcs.AI2025-12

测试并对抗DNS-over-HTTPS数据外泄,提供可复现的检测工具包。

Evasion-Resilient Detection of DNS-over-HTTPS Data Exfiltration: A Practical Evaluation and Toolkit

  • 构建容器化管道,模拟多种规避策略的DoH文件外泄。
  • 机器学习模型在对抗场景下检测率下降30%以上,阈值法更易被绕过。
  • 适合网络安全研究人员和企业防御团队评估隐蔽外泄风险。

本项目旨在评估防御方检测DNS-over-HTTPS(DoH)文件外泄的能力,以及攻击者可采用的规避策略。提出一个端到端、容器化的数据生成与分析流水线,支持可配置的文件外泄模拟,包含分块、编码、填充、解析器轮换等参数。该流水线可在解析器端重建文件,并通过修改版DoHLyzer提取流级特征。系统集成预测模块,基于公开标注数据集训练随机森林、梯度提升和逻辑回归模型,与阈值法在对抗场景下进行对比。工具链涵盖流量生成、文件捕获、特征提取、模型训练与分析全过程,已封装为Docker容器以实现跨平台复现。未来方向包括在企业混合流量中验证结果、扩展至HTTP/3/QUIC协议、增加良性流量生成及实时评估能力。核心目标是量化在隐蔽性约束下DoH外泄是否对攻击者变得不经济。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The purpose of this project is to assess how well defenders can detect DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH) file exfiltration, and which evasion strategies can be used by attackers. While providing a reproducible toolkit to generate, intercept and analyze DoH exfiltration, and comparing Machine Learning vs threshold-based detection under adversarial scenarios. The originality of this project is the introduction of an end-to-end, containerized pipeline that generates configurable file exfiltration over DoH using several parameters (e.g., chunking, encoding, padding, resolver rotation). It allows for file reconstruction at the resolver side, while extracting flow-level features using a fork of DoHLyzer. The pipeline contains a prediction side, which allows the training of machine learning models based on public labelled datasets and then evaluates them side-by-side with threshold-based detection methods against malicious and evasive DNS-Over-HTTPS traffic. We train Random Forest, Gradient Boosting and Logistic Regression classifiers on a public DoH dataset and benchmark them against evasive DoH exfiltration scenarios. The toolkit orchestrates traffic generation, file capture, feature extraction, model training and analysis. The toolkit is then encapsulated into several Docker containers for easy setup and full reproducibility regardless of the platform it is run on. Future research regarding this project is directed at validating the results on mixed enterprise traffic, extending the protocol coverage to HTTP/3/QUIC request, adding a benign traffic generation, and working on real-time traffic evaluation. A key objective is to quantify when stealth constraints make DoH exfiltration uneconomical and unworthy for the attacker.

DNS安全数据外泄检测对抗

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