arXiv:2512.20458cs.IR2025-12

用结构化协议和状态寄存器,让智能体搜索更稳定、可扩展。

Laser: Governing Long-Horizon Agentic Search via Structured Protocol and Context Register

  • 定义符号化动作协议,分规划、求解、反思三阶段,逻辑清晰
  • 在多跳问答上优于基线,提示与微调均有效,长程推理更稳
  • 适合需要高可靠性的复杂任务搜索系统,如科研或医疗决策

大型语言模型和大型推理模型的进步使得智能体搜索系统能够将多步推理与外部工具使用相结合。然而,现有框架大多依赖非结构化的自然语言推理,并在上下文中累积原始中间轨迹,导致推理路径不稳定、上下文溢出,且在复杂多跳查询上性能下降。本文提出Laser,一个通用的智能体搜索稳定与扩展框架。Laser定义了符号化动作协议,将代理行为划分为规划、任务求解和反思三个空间,每个动作具有明确语义和确定性执行格式,实现结构化逻辑推理和可靠动作解析。该设计使中间决策可解释、可追溯,增强显式反思与细粒度推理轨迹控制。同时,Laser维护一个紧凑的上下文寄存器,仅存储推理过程的关键状态,避免无控制的上下文膨胀,支持长时程推理。在Qwen2.5/3系列模型上,于挑战性多跳问答数据集上的实验表明,Laser在仅提示和微调设置下均持续优于现有基线,验证其为鲁棒、可扩展智能体搜索提供了原则性且有效的基础。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have enabled agentic search systems that interleave multi-step reasoning with external tool use. However, existing frameworks largely rely on unstructured natural-language reasoning and accumulate raw intermediate traces in the context, which often leads to unstable reasoning trajectories, context overflow, and degraded performance on complex multi-hop queries. In this study, we introduce Laser, a general framework for stabilizing and scaling agentic search. Laser defines a symbolic action protocol that organizes agent behaviors into three spaces: planning, task-solving, and retrospection. Each action is specified with explicit semantics and a deterministic execution format, enabling structured and logical reasoning processes and reliable action parsing. This design makes intermediate decisions interpretable and traceable, enhancing explicit retrospection and fine-grained control over reasoning trajectories. In coordination with parsable actions, Laser further maintains a compact context register that stores only essential states of the reasoning process, allowing the agent to reason over long horizons without uncontrolled context expansion. Experiments on Qwen2.5/3-series models across challenging multi-hop QA datasets show that Laser consistently outperforms existing agentic search baselines under both prompting-only and fine-tuning settings, demonstrating that Laser provides a principled and effective foundation for robust, scalable agentic search.

智能体搜索长程推理结构化协议上下文管理

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