用触觉反馈学习动态抓取力,防滑效果显著提升
Tracing Energy Flow: Learning Tactile-based Grasping Force Control to Prevent Slippage in Dynamic Object Interaction
- 将物体抽象为能量容器,通过功率与能量不匹配度判断滑动风险
- 仅用触觉信号在数分钟内学会控制抓力,滑移率降低超40%
- 适合无视觉、无先验知识的复杂动态抓取场景
在动态物体交互中,如何调节抓握力以减少滑移仍是机器人操作的核心挑战,尤其当物体存在多滚动接触、属性未知(如质量或表面状态)且外部传感不可靠时。人类即使无视觉提示,也能凭借触觉快速调节抓力。受此启发,我们旨在让机械手在运动中通过触觉快速探索物体,并学习基于触觉的抓握力控制。提出一种物理引导的能量抽象方法,将物体视为虚拟能量容器。手指施加功率与物体保留能量之间的不一致,提供了一个物理可解释的滑移感知信号。基于该抽象,采用基于模型的学习与规划,从触觉传感高效建模能量动态并实现实时抓握力优化。仿真与硬件实验均表明,本方法可在数分钟内从零开始学习抓握控制,有效降低滑移,显著延长不同运动-物体组合下的抓持时间,且无需依赖外部传感或物体先验知识。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Regulating grasping force to reduce slippage during dynamic object interaction remains a fundamental challenge in robotic manipulation, especially when objects are manipulated by multiple rolling contacts, have unknown properties (such as mass or surface conditions), and when external sensing is unreliable. In contrast, humans can quickly regulate grasping force by touch, even without visual cues. Inspired by this ability, we aim to enable robotic hands to rapidly explore objects and learn tactile-driven grasping force control under motion and limited sensing. We propose a physics-informed energy abstraction that models the object as a virtual energy container. The inconsistency between the fingers' applied power and the object's retained energy provides a physically grounded signal for inferring slip-aware stability. Building on this abstraction, we employ model-based learning and planning to efficiently model energy dynamics from tactile sensing and perform real-time grasping force optimization. Experiments in both simulation and hardware demonstrate that our method can learn grasping force control from scratch within minutes, effectively reduce slippage, and extend grasp duration across diverse motion-object pairs, all without relying on external sensing or prior object knowledge.
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