arXiv:2512.21048cs.CRcs.DC2025-12被引 3

用零知识证明和可信环境保护医疗数据,让多方协作训练模型时既安全又可验证。

zkFL-Health: Blockchain-Enabled Zero-Knowledge Federated Learning for Medical AI Privacy

  • 结合零知识证明与可信执行环境,确保模型更新不泄露隐私
  • 生成简洁证明,验证全局模型更新正确且未被篡改
  • 适合需要高隐私、强审计的医疗AI多机构合作场景

医疗AI需要大规模、多样化的数据集,但严格的隐私与治理限制使得机构间难以共享原始数据。联邦学习(FL)通过在本地训练并仅交换模型更新来缓解此问题,但实际部署仍面临两大核心风险:(1) 梯度或更新泄露隐私(如成员推断、梯度反演);(2) 对聚合器的信任依赖,其可能擅自丢弃、篡改或注入贡献,且无法被察觉。我们提出zkFL-Health,一种融合联邦学习、零知识证明(ZKPs)与可信执行环境(TEEs)的架构,实现隐私保护、可验证正确的医疗AI协同训练。客户端本地训练并提交更新承诺;聚合器在TEEs内计算全局更新,并通过Halo2/Nova生成简洁的零知识证明,表明其使用了所有已提交输入及正确聚合规则,而无需向主机透露任何客户端更新。验证节点验证证明并将加密承诺上链,形成不可篡改的审计轨迹,消除对单一主体的信任需求。本文定义了面向医疗场景的系统与威胁模型,阐述zkFL-Health协议、安全/隐私保障,并规划涵盖准确率、隐私风险、延迟与成本的性能评估。该框架支持多机构医疗AI协作,具备强机密性、完整性与可审计性,是临床采纳与合规的关键支撑。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Healthcare AI needs large, diverse datasets, yet strict privacy and governance constraints prevent raw data sharing across institutions. Federated learning (FL) mitigates this by training where data reside and exchanging only model updates, but practical deployments still face two core risks: (1) privacy leakage via gradients or updates (membership inference, gradient inversion) and (2) trust in the aggregator, a single point of failure that can drop, alter, or inject contributions undetected. We present zkFL-Health, an architecture that combines FL with zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) and Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) to deliver privacy-preserving, verifiably correct collaborative training for medical AI. Clients locally train and commit their updates; the aggregator operates within a TEE to compute the global update and produces a succinct ZK proof (via Halo2/Nova) that it used exactly the committed inputs and the correct aggregation rule, without revealing any client update to the host. Verifier nodes validate the proof and record cryptographic commitments on-chain, providing an immutable audit trail and removing the need to trust any single party. We outline system and threat models tailored to healthcare, the zkFL-Health protocol, security/privacy guarantees, and a performance evaluation plan spanning accuracy, privacy risk, latency, and cost. This framework enables multi-institutional medical AI with strong confidentiality, integrity, and auditability, key properties for clinical adoption and regulatory compliance.

医疗AI联邦学习零知识证明区块链

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。