arXiv:2512.22178cs.LGcs.AI2025-12被引 1

用大模型预测城市无线流量,关键在捕捉空间关联。

Wireless Traffic Prediction with Large Language Model

  • 分区域聚类训练个性化模型,兼顾通用与专精
  • 通过结构化提示词桥接数据与语言模型,提升精度
  • 仅微调轻量模块,高效适配真实流量模式

下一代无线网络对智能、自适应资源管理的需求日益增长,精准且可扩展的无线流量预测至关重要。尽管深度学习和基础模型(如大语言模型,LLM)在预测方面展现出潜力,但大多忽略了城市级流量动态中的空间依赖性。本文提出TIDES(基于DeepSeek增强的空间-时间预测的交通智能系统),一种新型基于大模型的框架,用于捕捉城市无线流量的空间-时间相关性。TIDES首先通过聚类机制识别不同区域的异构流量模式,并为每个区域训练个性化模型,以平衡泛化与专属性。为弥合数值流量数据与语言模型之间的领域差距,我们设计了一种提示工程方案,将统计流量特征嵌入为结构化输入。此外,引入DeepSeek模块,通过跨域注意力实现空间对齐,使大模型能够利用空间相关区域的信息。通过仅微调轻量级组件而冻结核心大模型层,TIDES实现了高效适应领域特定模式,无需高昂训练成本。在真实蜂窝网络数据集上的大量实验表明,TIDES在预测精度和鲁棒性上显著优于现有最先进方法。结果表明,将空间感知融入大模型预测器,是实现未来6G系统中可扩展智能管理的关键。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The growing demand for intelligent, adaptive resource management in next-generation wireless networks has underscored the importance of accurate and scalable wireless traffic prediction. While recent advancements in deep learning and foundation models such as large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising forecasting capabilities, they largely overlook the spatial dependencies inherent in city-scale traffic dynamics. In this paper, we propose TIDES (Traffic Intelligence with DeepSeek-Enhanced Spatial-temporal prediction), a novel LLM-based framework that captures spatial-temporal correlations for urban wireless traffic prediction. TIDES first identifies heterogeneous traffic patterns across regions through a clustering mechanism and trains personalized models for each region to balance generalization and specialization. To bridge the domain gap between numerical traffic data and language-based models, we introduce a prompt engineering scheme that embeds statistical traffic features as structured inputs. Furthermore, we design a DeepSeek module that enables spatial alignment via cross-domain attention, allowing the LLM to leverage information from spatially related regions. By fine-tuning only lightweight components while freezing core LLM layers, TIDES achieves efficient adaptation to domain-specific patterns without incurring excessive training overhead. Extensive experiments on real-world cellular traffic datasets demonstrate that TIDES significantly outperforms state-of-the-art baselines in both prediction accuracy and robustness. Our results indicate that integrating spatial awareness into LLM-based predictors is the key to unlocking scalable and intelligent network management in future 6G systems.

流量预测大模型6G空间建模

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