提出统一缩放维度的超参数迁移方法,显著提升大模型训练效率
Completed Hyperparameter Transfer across Modules, Width, Depth, Batch and Duration
- 构建统一宽度、深度、批量和训练时长的完整参数化框架
- 在多种模型规模下实现超参数高效迁移,训练速度大幅提升
- 适合大规模模型训练优化,尤其对语言模型有实际应用价值
超参数调优对大规模模型的训练稳定性和最终性能影响巨大。近期基于μP等神经网络参数化方法的工作表明,可在不同模型规模间迁移最优全局超参数。这些工作建议在小模型上搜索最优基础超参数,再迁移到大模型。本文在此基础上进行两项关键拓展:一是提出Complete$^{(d)}$参数化,统一处理宽度与深度、批量大小及训练时长的缩放;二是研究模块级超参数的优化与迁移。我们分析了高维超参数空间中的实证挑战,并提出实用优化策略。实验表明,在正确参数化下,模块级超参数迁移依然有效。研究覆盖现代模型的关键优化超参数:学习率、AdamW参数、权重衰减、初始化尺度和残差块乘数。结果表明,使用迁移后的模块级超参数可显著提升大型语言模型的训练速度。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Hyperparameter tuning can dramatically impact training stability and final performance of large-scale models. Recent works on neural network parameterisations, such as $μ$P, have enabled transfer of optimal global hyperparameters across model sizes. These works propose an empirical practice of search for optimal global base hyperparameters at a small model size, and transfer to a large size. We extend these works in two key ways. To handle scaling along most important scaling axes, we propose the Complete$^{(d)}$ Parameterisation that unifies scaling in width and depth -- using an adaptation of CompleteP -- as well as in batch-size and training duration. Secondly, with our parameterisation, we investigate per-module hyperparameter optimisation and transfer. We characterise the empirical challenges of navigating the high-dimensional hyperparameter landscape, and propose practical guidelines for tackling this optimisation problem. We demonstrate that, with the right parameterisation, hyperparameter transfer holds even in the per-module hyperparameter regime. Our study covers an extensive range of optimisation hyperparameters of modern models: learning rates, AdamW parameters, weight decay, initialisation scales, and residual block multipliers. Our experiments demonstrate significant training speed improvements in Large Language Models with the transferred per-module hyperparameters.
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