arXiv:2512.22406cs.CV2025-12

用确定性流模型加速医学影像目标检测,3步完成且精度超现有方法。

DeFloMat: Detection with Flow Matching for Stable and Efficient Generative Object Localization

  • 用条件流匹配替代扩散采样,直接求解微分方程实现快速推理。
  • 仅3步推理即达43.32% AP10:50,比前人快1.4倍且更稳定。
  • 适合需要高精度与低延迟的临床医学影像分析场景。

我们提出DeFloMat(基于流匹配的检测),一种新型生成式目标检测框架,解决扩散模型检测器(如DiffusionDet)的严重延迟问题。扩散模型通过多步随机去噪过程实现高精度,但依赖大量采样步骤(T ≫ 60),难以用于时间敏感的临床应用,如磁共振肠造影(MRE)中的克罗恩病检测。DeFloMat采用条件流匹配(CFM),基于条件最优传输理论构建确定性流场,近似修正流(Rectified Flow),将原本缓慢的随机路径替换为可快速求解的常微分方程(ODE)。在具有挑战性的MRE临床数据集上,该方法仅需3步推理即达到43.32%的AP10:50,相较DiffusionDet最大收敛性能(4步时31.03% AP10:50)提升1.4倍。此外,其确定性流显著改善定位性能,提升召回率与少步下的稳定性。DeFloMat突破生成精度与临床效率的权衡,树立了快速、稳定目标定位的新标准。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We propose DeFloMat (Detection with Flow Matching), a novel generative object detection framework that addresses the critical latency bottleneck of diffusion-based detectors, such as DiffusionDet, by integrating Conditional Flow Matching (CFM). Diffusion models achieve high accuracy by formulating detection as a multi-step stochastic denoising process, but their reliance on numerous sampling steps ($T \gg 60$) makes them impractical for time-sensitive clinical applications like Crohn's Disease detection in Magnetic Resonance Enterography (MRE). DeFloMat replaces this slow stochastic path with a highly direct, deterministic flow field derived from Conditional Optimal Transport (OT) theory, specifically approximating the Rectified Flow. This shift enables fast inference via a simple Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) solver. We demonstrate the superiority of DeFloMat on a challenging MRE clinical dataset. Crucially, DeFloMat achieves state-of-the-art accuracy ($43.32\% \text{ } AP_{10:50}$) in only $3$ inference steps, which represents a $1.4\times$ performance improvement over DiffusionDet's maximum converged performance ($31.03\% \text{ } AP_{10:50}$ at $4$ steps). Furthermore, our deterministic flow significantly enhances localization characteristics, yielding superior Recall and stability in the few-step regime. DeFloMat resolves the trade-off between generative accuracy and clinical efficiency, setting a new standard for stable and rapid object localization.

目标检测流模型医学影像高效推理

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