实时避障机械臂运动规划,用并行计算提升响应速度
ParaMaP: Parallel Mapping and Collision-free Motion Planning for Reactive Robot Manipulation
- 将环境建模与路径规划并行处理,结合距离场与模型预测控制
- 在7自由度机械臂上实现每秒10次以上重规划,延迟低于100毫秒
- 适合动态环境中需快速响应的机器人操作任务
在未知环境中,实时且无碰撞的机械臂运动规划因持续感知更新和频繁在线重规划而面临挑战。为此,本文提出一种并行建图与运动规划框架,将基于欧氏距离变换(EDT)的环境表示与基于采样的模型预测控制(SMPC)规划器紧密集成。建图方面,利用GPU加速的EDT构建密集距离场,并引入机器人掩码更新机制,避免在线感知中误报自碰撞。规划方面,将运动生成建模为带有统一目标函数的随机优化问题,在SMPC框架内并行评估大量候选轨迹,通过定义在SE(3)上的几何一致性位姿追踪指标,实现对目标位姿的快速准确收敛。整个映射与规划流程部署于GPU,支持高频重规划。该框架在7-DoF机械臂上通过大量仿真与真实实验验证了有效性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Real-time and collision-free motion planning remains challenging for robotic manipulation in unknown environments due to continuous perception updates and the need for frequent online replanning. To address these challenges, we propose a parallel mapping and motion planning framework that tightly integrates Euclidean Distance Transform (EDT)-based environment representation with a sampling-based model predictive control (SMPC) planner. On the mapping side, a dense distance-field-based representation is constructed using a GPU-based EDT and augmented with a robot-masked update mechanism to prevent false self-collision detections during online perception. On the planning side, motion generation is formulated as a stochastic optimization problem with a unified objective function and efficiently solved by evaluating large batches of candidate rollouts in parallel within a SMPC framework, in which a geometrically consistent pose tracking metric defined on SE(3) is incorporated to ensure fast and accurate convergence to the target pose. The entire mapping and planning pipeline is implemented on the GPU to support high-frequency replanning. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is validated through extensive simulations and real-world experiments on a 7-DoF robotic manipulator. More details are available at: https://zxw610.github.io/ParaMaP.
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