arXiv:2512.23422cs.CL2025-12被引 5

通过智能丢弃低熵词元,提升小数据下大模型的训练稳定性。

Entropy-Guided Token Dropout: Training Autoregressive Language Models with Limited Domain Data

  • 按词元熵值动态选择性屏蔽低熵词元,实现结构化正则化
  • 在0.6B到8B参数模型上,多轮训练中持续优于基准方法
  • 适合资源有限、数据稀缺领域的语言模型微调场景

随着高质量领域数据日益稀缺,多轮训练已成为适配大语言模型(LLMs)的实用策略。然而,自回归模型在重复数据暴露下常出现性能退化,过度拟合导致模型能力显著下降。通过实证分析,我们发现该问题源于学习动态失衡:可预测的低熵词元被快速学习并主导优化过程,而模型对高熵词元的泛化能力随训练持续下降。为此,我们提出EntroDrop,一种基于熵引导的词元丢弃方法,作为结构化数据正则化手段。EntroDrop在训练中选择性屏蔽低熵词元,并采用课程学习调度调整正则化强度以匹配训练进度。在0.6B至8B参数模型上的实验表明,EntroDrop始终优于标准正则化基线,且在延长的多轮训练中保持稳健性能。这些结果凸显了在有限数据训练中,将正则化与词元级学习动态对齐的重要性。本方法为数据受限领域中大模型的有效适配提供了可行路径。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

As access to high-quality, domain-specific data grows increasingly scarce, multi-epoch training has become a practical strategy for adapting large language models (LLMs). However, autoregressive models often suffer from performance degradation under repeated data exposure, where overfitting leads to a marked decline in model capability. Through empirical analysis, we trace this degradation to an imbalance in learning dynamics: predictable, low-entropy tokens are learned quickly and come to dominate optimization, while the model's ability to generalize on high-entropy tokens deteriorates with continued training. To address this, we introduce EntroDrop, an entropy-guided token dropout method that functions as structured data regularization. EntroDrop selectively masks low-entropy tokens during training and employs a curriculum schedule to adjust regularization strength in alignment with training progress. Experiments across model scales from 0.6B to 8B parameters show that EntroDrop consistently outperforms standard regularization baselines and maintains robust performance throughout extended multi-epoch training. These findings underscore the importance of aligning regularization with token-level learning dynamics when training on limited data. Our approach offers a promising pathway toward more effective adaptation of LLMs in data-constrained domains.

语言模型正则化小样本训练优化

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