arXiv:2512.23453cs.CVcs.AI2025-12被引 11

通过粗到细的视觉反馈,让大模型生成更符合图像内容的答案。

CoFi-Dec: Hallucination-Resistant Decoding via Coarse-to-Fine Generative Feedback in Large Vision-Language Models

  • 先用粗粒度和细粒度图像生成两个中间答案,再转成合成图像
  • 在六项基准测试中显著减少实体和语义幻觉,优于现有方法
  • 无需训练,可通用适配多种大视觉语言模型,适合高可靠场景

大视觉语言模型(LVLMs)在多模态理解与生成方面取得显著进展,但仍易产生与视觉输入不符的幻觉内容,影响实际应用可靠性。本文提出 CoFi-Dec,一种无需训练的解码框架,通过融合生成式自反馈与粗到细的视觉条件,缓解幻觉问题。受人类从全局场景感知到细节观察的视觉过程启发,CoFi-Dec 首先基于原图的粗粒度与细粒度视图生成两个中间文本响应;这些响应随后通过文本生成图像模型转换为合成图像,形成多层次视觉假设,丰富了视觉锚定线索。为统一多视觉条件下的预测结果,引入基于 Wasserstein 的融合机制,将不同条件下的预测分布对齐至几何一致的解码轨迹。该机制在保持高层语义一致性的同时强化细粒度视觉对齐,提升输出鲁棒性与真实性。在六个聚焦幻觉的基准上实验表明,CoFi-Dec 显著降低实体级与语义级幻觉,优于现有解码策略。该框架模型无关、无需额外训练,可无缝应用于多种 LVLMs。代码已开源:https://github.com/AI-Researcher-Team/CoFi-Dec。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have achieved impressive progress in multi-modal understanding and generation. However, they still tend to produce hallucinated content that is inconsistent with the visual input, which limits their reliability in real-world applications. We propose \textbf{CoFi-Dec}, a training-free decoding framework that mitigates hallucinations by integrating generative self-feedback with coarse-to-fine visual conditioning. Inspired by the human visual process from global scene perception to detailed inspection, CoFi-Dec first generates two intermediate textual responses conditioned on coarse- and fine-grained views of the original image. These responses are then transformed into synthetic images using a text-to-image model, forming multi-level visual hypotheses that enrich grounding cues. To unify the predictions from these multiple visual conditions, we introduce a Wasserstein-based fusion mechanism that aligns their predictive distributions into a geometrically consistent decoding trajectory. This principled fusion reconciles high-level semantic consistency with fine-grained visual grounding, leading to more robust and faithful outputs. Extensive experiments on six hallucination-focused benchmarks show that CoFi-Dec substantially reduces both entity-level and semantic-level hallucinations, outperforming existing decoding strategies. The framework is model-agnostic, requires no additional training, and can be seamlessly applied to a wide range of LVLMs. The implementation is available at https://github.com/AI-Researcher-Team/CoFi-Dec.

视觉语言模型幻觉抑制生成反馈解码优化

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