用网页代码构建可无限扩展的智能世界，兼顾可控与自由。
Web World Models
- 用普通网页代码实现世界规则与状态，保证逻辑一致
- 大模型生成叙事与决策，底层状态由网页接口管理
- 适合构建可控又开放的交互式虚拟环境
语言智能体需要持久化世界以行动、记忆和学习。现有方法分属两极：传统网页框架依赖数据库，稳定但僵化；全生成式世界模型虽自由却难控制且工程复杂。本文提出网页世界模型（Web World Model, WWM），将世界状态与“物理规则”用普通网页代码实现，确保逻辑一致性，同时让大语言模型在结构化隐状态上生成上下文、叙事和高层决策。我们基于真实网页技术栈构建了多种WWM系统，包括基于真实地理的无限旅行地图、虚构星系探索、超大规模百科与叙事世界，以及仿真类与游戏类环境。实验表明，分离代码规则与模型想象、以类型化网页接口表示隐状态、通过确定性生成实现无限结构化探索，是实用设计原则。结果证明，网页堆栈本身可作为可扩展的世界模型基础，支持可控且开放的环境构建。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Language agents increasingly require persistent worlds in which they can act, remember, and learn. Existing approaches sit at two extremes: conventional web frameworks provide reliable but fixed contexts backed by databases, while fully generative world models aim for unlimited environments at the expense of controllability and practical engineering. In this work, we introduce the Web World Model (WWM), a middle ground where world state and ``physics'' are implemented in ordinary web code to ensure logical consistency, while large language models generate context, narratives, and high-level decisions on top of this structured latent state. We build a suite of WWMs on a realistic web stack, including an infinite travel atlas grounded in real geography, fictional galaxy explorers, web-scale encyclopedic and narrative worlds, and simulation- and game-like environments. Across these systems, we identify practical design principles for WWMs: separating code-defined rules from model-driven imagination, representing latent state as typed web interfaces, and utilizing deterministic generation to achieve unlimited but structured exploration. Our results suggest that web stacks themselves can serve as a scalable substrate for world models, enabling controllable yet open-ended environments. Project Page: https://github.com/Princeton-AI2-Lab/Web-World-Models.
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