arXiv:2512.23714cs.CL2025-12

构建中文药品发货单基准数据集,测试文本布局模型在噪声和模板差异下的表现。

PharmaShip: An Entity-Centric, Reading-Order-Supervised Benchmark for Chinese Pharmaceutical Shipping Documents

  • 以实体为中心设计评估协议,减少模型架构干扰
  • 阅读顺序正则化显著提升实体识别与关系抽取性能
  • 适合关注文档理解安全性的研究者和工业应用

我们提出PharmaShip,一个真实世界中的中文药品发货单扫描文档数据集,用于在噪声光学字符识别和异构模板条件下压力测试预训练文本布局模型。该数据集涵盖序列实体识别(SER)、关系抽取(RE)和阅读顺序预测(ROP)三类任务,并采用实体中心评估协议以最小化不同架构间的混淆因素。我们对五种代表性基线进行了评测,覆盖像素感知与几何感知两类模型(LiLT、LayoutLMv3-base、GeoLayoutLM及其对应的RORE增强变体),并统一了预处理、数据划分与优化策略。实验表明,像素信息与显式几何结构提供互补的归纳偏置,但单独使用均不充分:引入面向阅读顺序的正则化能持续提升SER与EL性能,且取得最稳健配置;更长的位置覆盖有助于稳定页尾预测,减少截断伪影。虽然词级ROP准确率较高,但段级预测仍具挑战,反映出边界模糊与长程交叉问题。PharmaShip为医药领域高安全性文档理解建立了可控且可复现的基准,并强调序列感知约束作为结构建模的可迁移先验。数据集已开源:https://github.com/KevinYuLei/PharmaShip。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We present PharmaShip, a real-world Chinese dataset of scanned pharmaceutical shipping documents designed to stress-test pre-trained text-layout models under noisy OCR and heterogeneous templates. PharmaShip covers three complementary tasks-sequence entity recognition (SER), relation extraction (RE), and reading order prediction (ROP)-and adopts an entity-centric evaluation protocol to minimize confounds across architectures. We benchmark five representative baselines spanning pixel-aware and geometry-aware families (LiLT, LayoutLMv3-base, GeoLayoutLM and their available RORE-enhanced variants), and standardize preprocessing, splits, and optimization. Experiments show that pixels and explicit geometry provide complementary inductive biases, yet neither alone is sufficient: injecting reading-order-oriented regularization consistently improves SER and EL and yields the most robust configuration, while longer positional coverage stabilizes late-page predictions and reduces truncation artifacts. ROP is accurate at the word level but challenging at the segment level, reflecting boundary ambiguity and long-range crossings. PharmaShip thus establishes a controlled, reproducible benchmark for safety-critical document understanding in the pharmaceutical domain and highlights sequence-aware constraints as a transferable bias for structure modeling. We release the dataset at https://github.com/KevinYuLei/PharmaShip.

文档理解实体识别阅读顺序医药文本

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