arXiv:2512.24019quant-phcs.CV2025-12

基于量子几何与群结构,一次性高效剪枝量子神经网络冗余门。

One-Shot Structured Pruning of Quantum Neural Networks via $q$-Group Engineering and Quantum Geometric Metrics

  • 利用$ q $-群结构与任务相关量子几何度量门间功能相似性。
  • 剪枝后电路在任务可观测量上误差有界,且可闭式计算。
  • 支持硬件噪声校准,适用于实际量子设备部署。

量子神经网络(QNN)存在严重的门级冗余问题,阻碍其在含噪中等规模量子(NISQ)设备上的部署。本文提出q-iPrune,一种基于$ q $-变形群代数结构和任务条件量子几何的一次性结构化剪枝框架。不同于以往启发式或基于梯度的方法,q-iPrune直接在门层面定义冗余:通过任务相关的$ q $-重叠距离,在代数一致子群内比较门的功能相似性,该距离基于任务相关样本集上的态重叠。仅当用子群代表替换某门时,所有任务可观测量的偏差仍受控于预设阈值,才允许删除。本文建立三项严格理论保证:第一,冗余剪枝完备性——未满足相似性阈值的门不会被误删;第二,剪枝后电路在任务可观测量上保持函数等价,误差有显式上界,且与冗余容忍度及被替换门数呈闭式依赖;第三,剪枝过程计算可行,仅需多项式时间比较,避免对希尔伯特空间的指数枚举。为适应硬件噪声,引入噪声校准的变形参数$ λ $,调节$ q $-几何与冗余容忍度。标准量子机器学习基准实验表明,q-iPrune实现显著门数减少,同时任务性能退化保持有界,与理论预测一致。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Quantum neural networks (QNNs) suffer from severe gate-level redundancy, which hinders their deployment on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. In this work, we propose q-iPrune, a one-shot structured pruning framework grounded in the algebraic structure of $q$-deformed groups and task-conditioned quantum geometry. Unlike prior heuristic or gradient-based pruning methods, q-iPrune formulates redundancy directly at the gate level. Each gate is compared within an algebraically consistent subgroup using a task-conditioned $q$-overlap distance, which measures functional similarity through state overlaps on a task-relevant ensemble. A gate is removed only when its replacement by a subgroup representative provably induces a bounded deviation on all task observables. We establish three rigorous theoretical guarantees. First, we prove completeness of redundancy pruning: no gate that violates the prescribed similarity threshold is removed. Second, we show that the pruned circuit is functionally equivalent up to an explicit, task-conditioned error bound, with a closed-form dependence on the redundancy tolerance and the number of replaced gates. Third, we prove that the pruning procedure is computationally feasible, requiring only polynomial-time comparisons and avoiding exponential enumeration over the Hilbert space. To adapt pruning decisions to hardware imperfections, we introduce a noise-calibrated deformation parameter $λ$ that modulates the $q$-geometry and redundancy tolerance. Experiments on standard quantum machine learning benchmarks demonstrate that q-iPrune achieves substantial gate reduction while maintaining bounded task performance degradation, consistent with our theoretical guarantees.

量子神经网络剪枝量子几何NISQ

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