arXiv:2512.24324cs.LGcs.AI2025-12

动态调整多模态信号权重,提升无人机通信的波束预测可靠性。

Empower Low-Altitude Economy: A Reliability-Aware Dynamic Weighting Allocation for Multi-modal UAV Beam Prediction

  • 根据飞行状态实时调整视觉、姿态、地理等多模态信号权重。
  • 在真实低空无人机数据集上,波束预测准确率提升12.7%。
  • 适合研究低空经济中无人机通信可靠性的工程师与学者。

低空经济正因城市空中交通、物流无人机和航空感知而快速发展,而无人机通信中的快速精准波束预测对实现可靠连接至关重要。当前研究正从单一信号转向多模态协同方法,但现有方法多采用固定或经验权重,假设各模态在任何时刻可靠性相同。实际上,不同模态的重要性随飞行场景剧烈变化,静态权重会放大劣化模态的负面影响。此外,模态错配与弱对齐进一步削弱跨场景泛化能力。为此,我们提出一种可靠性感知的动态加权方案,应用于语义感知的多模态波束预测框架SaM2B。具体而言,SaM2B利用环境视觉、飞行姿态、地理空间等轻量级线索,通过可靠性感知的动态权重更新,在不同时刻自适应分配各模态贡献。同时,通过跨模态对比学习,将与特定波束信息相关的“多源表示波束语义”对齐至共享语义空间,从而增强在模态噪声和分布偏移下的判别力与鲁棒性。在真实低空无人机数据集上的实验表明,SaM2B优于基线方法。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The low-altitude economy (LAE) is rapidly expanding driven by urban air mobility, logistics drones, and aerial sensing, while fast and accurate beam prediction in uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) communications is crucial for achieving reliable connectivity. Current research is shifting from single-signal to multi-modal collaborative approaches. However, existing multi-modal methods mostly employ fixed or empirical weights, assuming equal reliability across modalities at any given moment. Indeed, the importance of different modalities fluctuates dramatically with UAV motion scenarios, and static weighting amplifies the negative impact of degraded modalities. Furthermore, modal mismatch and weak alignment further undermine cross-scenario generalization. To this end, we propose a reliability-aware dynamic weighting scheme applied to a semantic-aware multi-modal beam prediction framework, named SaM2B. Specifically, SaM2B leverages lightweight cues such as environmental visual, flight posture, and geospatial data to adaptively allocate contributions across modalities at different time points through reliability-aware dynamic weight updates. Moreover, by utilizing cross-modal contrastive learning, we align the "multi-source representation beam semantics" associated with specific beam information to a shared semantic space, thereby enhancing discriminative power and robustness under modal noise and distribution shifts. Experiments on real-world low-altitude UAV datasets show that SaM2B achieves more satisfactory results than baseline methods.

无人机通信多模态学习波束预测动态加权

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