arXiv:2601.00543cs.CLcs.AI2026-01

通过语义锚点保持压缩模型的嵌入结构,提升多语言任务表现。

ECR: Manifold-Guided Semantic Cues for Compact Language Models

  • 用教师模型离线生成语义锚点,指导紧凑模型维持嵌入几何一致性。
  • 在10万条多语言数据上,稳定训练并保留跨任务、跨语言的语义结构。
  • 无需教师输出或蒸馏,仅加轻量投影,适合高效率/高隐私场景部署。

紧凑模型常因容量受限或跨语言数据导致嵌入空间结构坍塌,使下游任务难以利用表示。现有压缩方法仅表面对齐模型输出,未能保留底层流形结构,导致语义漂移,任务行为与语言特性偏离参考模型。为此,我们提出嵌入一致性调节(ECR)框架:先从教师模型嵌入中离线提取一组语义锚点;随后,紧凑模型学习在这些锚点周围保持一致的几何结构,无需匹配输出概率或内部特征。ECR仅在推理时增加少量投影步骤,不改变解码架构或运行时行为。在10万条多语言语料上的实验表明,ECR持续稳定训练,有效保留跨任务与跨语言的语义结构。其生成的表示空间更紧凑且任务对齐,使低容量模型能学习更清晰的流形。ECR无需教师输出,与蒸馏兼容但独立。结果表明,该方法帮助紧凑模型更好遵循任务需求,便于在严格效率或隐私限制下部署。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Compact models often lose the structure of their embedding space. The issue shows up when the capacity is tight or the data spans several languages. Such collapse makes it difficult for downstream tasks to build on the resulting representation. Existing compression methods focus on aligning model outputs at a superficial level but fail to preserve the underlying manifold structure. This mismatch often leads to semantic drift in the compact model, causing both task behavior and linguistic properties to deviate from the reference model. To address those issues, we provide a new framework called Embedding Consistency Regulation (ECR). This framework first derives a set of semantic anchors from teacher embeddings (computed once offline). Then, the compact model learns to maintain consistent geometry around these anchors, without relying on matching logits or internal features. ECR adds only a small projection step at inference, without altering the decoding architecture or its runtime behavior. In experiments on a 100K multilingual corpus, ECR consistently stabilizes training and preserves semantic structure across tasks and languages. It also produces a more compact and task-aligned representation space, enabling low-capacity models to learn cleaner manifolds than conventional baselines. ECR works without teacher outputs and is compatible with, but independent of, distillation. Taken together, our results show that ECR helps compact models better follow task requirements and makes them easier to deploy under strict efficiency or privacy limits.

模型压缩语义结构多语言流形学习

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