arXiv:2601.01793cs.LGcs.SY2026-01

提出多服务器联邦学习框架,解决单服务器瓶颈问题。

Distributed Federated Learning by Alternating Periods of Training

  • 采用客户端本地训练与服务器间全局训练交替进行的机制
  • 多服务器可收敛到接近理想模型的共同解,误差可控
  • 适合大规模、高可靠性要求的分布式场景

联邦学习是一种注重隐私的机器学习方法,模型在客户端设备上使用本地数据训练,并在中央服务器聚合。然而,当客户端数量庞大时,对单一中心服务器的依赖会带来可扩展性和容错性挑战,甚至存在单点故障风险。为解决这一关键问题,本文提出一种分布式联邦学习框架,包含具备相互通信能力的多个服务器。该框架保持了核心联邦学习结构:每个服务器管理一组互不重叠的客户端,支持服务器与客户端之间的通信。我们设计了一种新型分布式联邦学习(DFL)算法,通过交替执行客户端本地训练和服务器间全局训练实现优化。理论分析表明,在合适参数下,所有服务器能收敛至与理想模型偏差极小的共同模型,有效融合局部与全局训练。数值模拟验证了理论结果的正确性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Federated learning is a privacy-focused approach towards machine learning where models are trained on client devices with locally available data and aggregated at a central server. However, the dependence on a single central server is challenging in the case of a large number of clients and even poses the risk of a single point of failure. To address these critical limitations of scalability and fault-tolerance, we present a distributed approach to federated learning comprising multiple servers with inter-server communication capabilities. While providing a fully decentralized approach, the designed framework retains the core federated learning structure where each server is associated with a disjoint set of clients with server-client communication capabilities. We propose a novel DFL (Distributed Federated Learning) algorithm which uses alternating periods of local training on the client data followed by global training among servers. We show that the DFL algorithm, under a suitable choice of parameters, ensures that all the servers converge to a common model value within a small tolerance of the ideal model, thus exhibiting effective integration of local and global training models. Finally, we illustrate our theoretical claims through numerical simulations.

联邦学习分布式多服务器

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