arXiv:2601.02686cs.RO2026-01被引 1

让机器人在密集杂物中安全接触操作,无需重新训练。

Learning to Nudge: A Scalable Barrier Function Framework for Safe Robot Interaction in Dense Clutter

  • 用可组合的物体中心函数隐式建模安全约束。
  • 离线训练后能线性扩展至任意物体集合,运行时无需重训练。
  • 适合需要频繁接触但又需避障的复杂场景任务。

在日常环境中运行的机器人必须在密集杂乱的空间中导航和操作,与周围物体发生物理接触不可避免。传统安全框架将接触视为不安全,限制机器人只能避障,难以在密集环境中工作。随着物体数量增加,基于模型的安全方法计算上变得不可行;而现有学习方法常将安全绑定于具体任务,难以迁移。本文提出密集接触屏障函数(DCBF),通过离线训练少数物体交互数据,学习一种可组合、以物体为中心的函数,隐式捕捉物理交互带来的安全约束。该函数可在运行时跨任意物体集组合,生成全局安全过滤器,实现线性扩展并支持任务迁移而无需重训练。模拟实验验证了其在密集杂乱环境中的有效性,能实现无碰撞导航与安全的高接触交互。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Robots operating in everyday environments must navigate and manipulate within densely cluttered spaces, where physical contact with surrounding objects is unavoidable. Traditional safety frameworks treat contact as unsafe, restricting robots to collision avoidance and limiting their ability to function in dense, everyday settings. As the number of objects grows, model-based approaches for safe manipulation become computationally intractable; meanwhile, learned methods typically tie safety to the task at hand, making them hard to transfer to new tasks without retraining. In this work we introduce Dense Contact Barrier Functions(DCBF). Our approach bypasses the computational complexity of explicitly modeling multi-object dynamics by instead learning a composable, object-centric function that implicitly captures the safety constraints arising from physical interactions. Trained offline on interactions with a few objects, the learned DCBFcomposes across arbitrary object sets at runtime, producing a single global safety filter that scales linearly and transfers across tasks without retraining. We validate our approach through simulated experiments in dense clutter, demonstrating its ability to enable collision-free navigation and safe, contact-rich interaction in suitable settings.

机器人安全屏障函数接触交互可迁移

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