用低成本AI在两周内自动形式化拓扑学核心内容,证明了数学形式化可普及化。
130k Lines of Formal Topology in Two Weeks: Simple and Cheap Autoformalization for Everyone?
- 构建LLM与快速证明器的持续反馈循环,结合基础集合论库完成自动形式化。
- 两周内生成13万行形式化代码,包含乌里森引理、蒂埃茨延拓定理等关键证明。
- 仅需百美元订阅费,适合无专业背景者尝试数学自动化验证。
本项目自2025年11月21日启动,截至2026年1月4日,已生成约16万行形式化拓扑代码,其中约13万行在12月22日至1月4日的两周内完成,成本约100美元。涵盖3000行的乌里森引理证明、2000行的乌里森度量化定理证明、超1万行的蒂埃茨延拓定理证明,以及超过1500个定理/引理。方法基于大模型(ChatGPT 5.2或Claude Sonnet 4.5)与高效证明器Megalodon(基于布朗的高阶集合论系统)的持续反馈,辅以基础集合论和序数/实数形式化库。通过提示工程与技术选型优化,实现低门槛、低成本、高效率的形式化。我们相信,2026年数学形式化将变得简单且广泛可用,无论使用何种证明辅助工具。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This is a brief description of a project that has already autoformalized a large portion of the general topology from the Munkres textbook (which has in total 241 pages in 7 chapters and 39 sections). The project has been running since November 21, 2025 and has as of January 4, 2026, produced 160k lines of formalized topology. Most of it (about 130k lines) have been done in two weeks,from December 22 to January 4, for an LLM subscription cost of about \$100. This includes a 3k-line proof of Urysohn's lemma, a 2k-line proof of Urysohn's Metrization theorem, over 10k-line proof of the Tietze extension theorem, and many more (in total over 1.5k lemmas/theorems). The approach is quite simple and cheap: build a long-running feedback loop between an LLM and a reasonably fast proof checker equipped with a core foundational library. The LLM is now instantiated as ChatGPT (mostly 5.2) or Claude Sonnet (4.5) run through the respective Codex or Claude Code command line interfaces. The proof checker is Chad Brown's higher-order set theory system Megalodon, and the core library is Brown's formalization of basic set theory and surreal numbers (including reals, etc). The rest is some prompt engineering and technical choices which we describe here. Based on the fast progress, low cost, virtually unknown ITP/library, and the simple setup available to everyone, we believe that (auto)formalization may become quite easy and ubiquitous in 2026, regardless of which proof assistant is used.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。