让机器人像人一样用手脚攀爬复杂地形,实现全身协同移动。
Locomotion Beyond Feet
- 结合关键帧动画与强化学习,融合人体运动知识生成稳定动作
- 可在低矮空间、台阶、高墙等复杂地形中稳定通过
- 适合需要全身体能协调的救援或极端环境机器人任务
多数类人机器人行走方法聚焦于基于腿部的步态,然而自然双足生物在复杂环境中常借助手、膝、肘等部位建立额外接触以维持稳定与支撑。本文提出 Locomotion Beyond Feet,一个面向极端挑战性地形的全身类人机器人运动系统,涵盖椅子下方低空通道、膝高墙体、膝高平台以及陡峭上下楼梯等场景。该方法解决两大核心挑战:接触丰富的运动规划与跨地形泛化能力。通过将基于物理的关键帧动画与强化学习相结合,关键帧编码人类运动技能知识,具有体感特异性且可在仿真或硬件上快速验证;强化学习则将这些参考转化为物理真实、鲁棒的动作。进一步采用分层框架,包含地形特定运动追踪策略、故障恢复机制及视觉驱动技能规划器。真实世界实验表明,该系统实现了鲁棒的全身运动,并成功泛化至不同障碍物尺寸、实例及地形序列。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Most locomotion methods for humanoid robots focus on leg-based gaits, yet natural bipeds frequently rely on hands, knees, and elbows to establish additional contacts for stability and support in complex environments. This paper introduces Locomotion Beyond Feet, a comprehensive system for whole-body humanoid locomotion across extremely challenging terrains, including low-clearance spaces under chairs, knee-high walls, knee-high platforms, and steep ascending and descending stairs. Our approach addresses two key challenges: contact-rich motion planning and generalization across diverse terrains. To this end, we combine physics-grounded keyframe animation with reinforcement learning. Keyframes encode human knowledge of motor skills, are embodiment-specific, and can be readily validated in simulation or on hardware, while reinforcement learning transforms these references into robust, physically accurate motions. We further employ a hierarchical framework consisting of terrain-specific motion-tracking policies, failure recovery mechanisms, and a vision-based skill planner. Real-world experiments demonstrate that Locomotion Beyond Feet achieves robust whole-body locomotion and generalizes across obstacle sizes, obstacle instances, and terrain sequences.
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