arXiv:2601.03955cs.CV2026-01被引 4

提出分层残差视觉分词器,提升自回归图像生成质量与速度。

ResTok: Learning Hierarchical Residuals in 1D Visual Tokenizers for Autoregressive Image Generation

  • 设计分层残差结构,融合多级图像与潜在特征。
  • 在ImageNet-256上仅用9步采样即达gFID 2.34。
  • 适合追求高效高质自回归图像生成的研究者。

现有的1D视觉分词器多沿用语言建模范式,将视觉数据视为扁平的序列流,忽略视觉固有的层次性与残差结构。为此,我们提出残差分词器(ResTok),通过构建图像与潜在表示的分层残差结构,实现跨层级特征融合,显著增强表征能力;不同层级间的语义残差避免信息重叠,使潜在分布更集中,利于自回归建模。跨层级关联自然涌现,无需显式约束。为进一步加速生成,引入分层自回归生成器,一次预测一层潜在标记,而非逐标记生成。大量实验表明,恢复视觉的层次残差先验可显著提升自回归图像生成性能,在ImageNet-256上仅需9步采样即达gFID 2.34。代码已开源。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Existing 1D visual tokenizers for autoregressive (AR) generation largely follow the design principles of language modeling, as they are built directly upon transformers whose priors originate in language, yielding single-hierarchy latent tokens and treating visual data as flat sequential token streams. However, this language-like formulation overlooks key properties of vision, particularly the hierarchical and residual network designs that have long been essential for convergence and efficiency in visual models. To bring "vision" back to vision, we propose the Residual Tokenizer (ResTok), a 1D visual tokenizer that builds hierarchical residuals for both image tokens and latent tokens. The hierarchical representations obtained through progressively merging enable cross-level feature fusion at each layer, substantially enhancing representational capacity. Meanwhile, the semantic residuals between hierarchies prevent information overlap, yielding more concentrated latent distributions that are easier for AR modeling. Cross-level bindings consequently emerge without any explicit constraints. To accelerate the generation process, we further introduce a hierarchical AR generator that substantially reduces sampling steps by predicting an entire level of latent tokens at once rather than generating them strictly token-by-token. Extensive experiments demonstrate that restoring hierarchical residual priors in visual tokenization significantly improves AR image generation, achieving a gFID of 2.34 on ImageNet-256 with only 9 sampling steps. Code is available at https://github.com/Kwai-Kolors/ResTok.

自回归生成分层结构视觉分词器图像生成

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