用扩散模型生成机械连杆,自动修正错误设计。
LinkD: AutoRegressive Diffusion Model for Mechanical Linkage Synthesis
- 分步构建连杆图,先定拓扑再优化位置
- 可生成最多20个节点的连杆系统,支持任意规模扩展
- 适合需要自动设计复杂机械结构的研究者
为实现目标末端执行器轨迹,设计机械连杆面临节点位置、拓扑结构与非线性运动约束间的复杂耦合。微小关节位置扰动会显著改变轨迹,而组合爆炸的设计空间使传统优化与启发式方法难以计算。我们提出一种自回归扩散框架,将机构表示为逐步构建的图结构,节点代表关节,边代表刚性连接。该方法结合因果变压器与去噪扩散概率模型(DDPM),均以目标轨迹经变压器编码后作为条件。因果变压器逐节点预测离散拓扑,DDPM则细化每个节点的空间坐标与与已生成节点的连接关系。这种序列化生成支持自适应试错设计,可选择性重生成导致运动锁死或碰撞的问题节点,实现设计过程中的自主修正。基于图的数据驱动方法超越传统优化,实现可扩展的逆向设计,适用于任意节点数量的机制。我们在含最多20个节点的连杆系统上验证了有效性,并拓展至N节点架构。本工作推动自回归图生成与计算运动学合成的发展,建立复杂机械系统可扩展逆向设计的新范式。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Designing mechanical linkages to achieve target end-effector trajectories presents a fundamental challenge due to the intricate coupling between continuous node placements, discrete topological configurations, and nonlinear kinematic constraints. The highly nonlinear motion-to-configuration relationship means small perturbations in joint positions drastically alter trajectories, while the combinatorially expanding design space renders conventional optimization and heuristic methods computationally intractable. We introduce an autoregressive diffusion framework that exploits the dyadic nature of linkage assembly by representing mechanisms as sequentially constructed graphs, where nodes correspond to joints and edges to rigid links. Our approach combines a causal transformer with a Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model (DDPM), both conditioned on target trajectories encoded via a transformer encoder. The causal transformer autoregressively predicts discrete topology node-by-node, while the DDPM refines each node's spatial coordinates and edge connectivity to previously generated nodes. This sequential generation enables adaptive trial-and-error synthesis where problematic nodes exhibiting kinematic locking or collisions can be selectively regenerated, allowing autonomous correction of degenerate configurations during design. Our graph-based, data-driven methodology surpasses traditional optimization approaches, enabling scalable inverse design that generalizes to mechanisms with arbitrary node counts. We demonstrate successful synthesis of linkage systems containing up to 20 nodes with extensibility to N-node architectures. This work advances autoregressive graph generation methodologies and computational kinematic synthesis, establishing new paradigms for scalable inverse design of complex mechanical systems.
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