arXiv:2601.04505cs.AIcs.CL2026-01中稿 · the 2026 IEEE Inte…被引 6

用多智能体框架将自然语言转为可生成的电路图,减少幻觉和错误。

CircuitLM: A Multi-Agent LLM-Aided Design Framework for Generating Circuit Schematics from Natural Language Prompts

  • 分五步流程:识别元件、查引脚、推理、生成JSON图、可视化
  • 在100个提示上测试,关键故障率下降72%,非机器可读输出归零
  • 适合电子设计初学者与自动化原型开发人员

从高层次自然语言描述生成准确的电路图仍是电子设计自动化(EDA)中的长期挑战,因为大语言模型(LLMs)常产生组件幻觉、违反严格物理约束,并生成非机器可读的输出。为此,我们提出CircuitLM,一个将用户提示转化为结构化、可视化的《CircuitJSON》电路图的多智能体流水线。该框架通过五个连续阶段减轻幻觉并确保物理可行性:(i) 元件识别,(ii) 标准引脚配置检索,(iii) 思维链推理,(iv) JSON电路图合成,(v) 交互式力导向可视化。我们在包含100个独特电路设计提示的数据集上,使用五种先进LLM评估系统。为系统评估性能,部署双层评估方法:确定性电气规则检查(ERC)引擎按严重性等级(严重、重大、次要、警告)分类拓扑错误,而以LLM为裁判的元评估器则识别绕过标准规则检查器的复杂上下文缺陷。最终,本工作展示了通过针对性检索结合确定性和语义验证,如何实现从自然语言到结构可行、可生成的硬件电路图及安全原型开发的桥梁。代码与数据已公开于 https://github.com/Khandakar227/CircuitLM。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Generating accurate circuit schematics from high-level natural language descriptions remains a persistent challenge in electronic design automation (EDA), as large language models (LLMs) frequently hallucinate components, violate strict physical constraints, and produce non-machine-readable outputs. To address this, we present CircuitLM, a multi-agent pipeline that translates user prompts into structured, visually interpretable $\texttt{CircuitJSON}$ schematics. The framework mitigates hallucination and ensures physical viability by grounding generation in a curated, embedding-powered component knowledge base through five sequential stages: (i) component identification, (ii) canonical pinout retrieval, (iii) chain-of-thought reasoning, (iv) JSON schematic synthesis, and (v) interactive force-directed visualization. We evaluate the system on a dataset of 100 unique circuit-design prompts using five state-of-the-art LLMs. To systematically assess performance, we deploy a rigorous dual-layered evaluation methodology: a deterministic Electrical Rule Checking (ERC) engine categorizes topological faults by strict severity (Critical, Major, Minor, Warning), while an LLM-as-a-judge meta-evaluator identifies complex, context-aware design flaws that bypass standard rule-based checkers. Ultimately, this work demonstrates how targeted retrieval combined with deterministic and semantic verification can bridge natural language to structurally viable, schematic-ready hardware and safe circuit prototyping. Our code and data are publicly available at https://github.com/Khandakar227/CircuitLM.

电路生成多智能体LLM应用EDA

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