针对交通数据缺失问题,提出自适应反馈的扩散模型方法。
Spatial-Temporal Feedback Diffusion Guidance for Controlled Traffic Imputation
- 根据后验概率动态调整生成过程的引导强度。
- 按节点聚类分组计算引导尺度,提升空间时间一致性。
- 在真实交通数据上显著改善缺失值填补精度,适合高缺失率场景。
时空交通数据缺失值填补对智能交通系统至关重要。现有基于分数的扩散模型虽表现良好,但通常在空间和时间维度使用统一引导强度,难以应对高缺失率节点。稀疏观测提供的条件引导不足,导致生成过程偏离观察值,趋向先验分布,影响填补效果。为此,本文提出FENCE方法,通过动态反馈机制调节引导尺度:当生成值与观测偏离时增强引导,对齐时则减弱,避免过矫正。同时,由于不同节点及去噪步骤的对齐程度不同,全局统一引导不理想。FENCE基于注意力得分将节点聚类,利用时空相关性在簇级计算引导尺度,实现更精准的条件引导。在真实交通数据集上的实验表明,FENCE显著提升了填补精度。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Imputing missing values in spatial-temporal traffic data is essential for intelligent transportation systems. Among advanced imputation methods, score-based diffusion models have demonstrated competitive performance. These models generate data by reversing a noising process, using observed values as conditional guidance. However, existing diffusion models typically apply a uniform guidance scale across both spatial and temporal dimensions, which is inadequate for nodes with high missing data rates. Sparse observations provide insufficient conditional guidance, causing the generative process to drift toward the learned prior distribution rather than closely following the conditional observations, resulting in suboptimal imputation performance. To address this, we propose FENCE, a spatial-temporal feedback diffusion guidance method designed to adaptively control guidance scales during imputation. First, FENCE introduces a dynamic feedback mechanism that adjusts the guidance scale based on the posterior likelihood approximations. The guidance scale is increased when generated values diverge from observations and reduced when alignment improves, preventing overcorrection. Second, because alignment to observations varies across nodes and denoising steps, a global guidance scale for all nodes is suboptimal. FENCE computes guidance scales at the cluster level by grouping nodes based on their attention scores, leveraging spatial-temporal correlations to provide more accurate guidance. Experimental results on real-world traffic datasets show that FENCE significantly enhances imputation accuracy.
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