arXiv:2601.04603cs.CRcs.AI2026-01被引 32

新防御系统大幅降低计算成本,有效抵御通用越狱攻击。

Constitutional Classifiers++: Efficient Production-Grade Defenses against Universal Jailbreaks

  • 用上下文感知的交换分类器,避免孤立判断回复漏洞。
  • 两级筛选架构:轻量级分类器先筛流量,仅可疑对话进深检。
  • 线性探测分类器集成外部模型,实现低拒答率与高效率。

我们提出增强版宪法分类器,显著降低计算开销并减少拒绝率,实现生产级越狱攻击防御。系统融合三项核心改进:首先,设计上下文感知的交换分类器,基于完整对话上下文评估模型输出,解决以往仅孤立分析响应的缺陷;其次,采用两阶段分类级联,轻量级分类器处理全部流量,仅将可疑对话升级至高成本分类器;第三,训练高效的线性探测分类器,并与外部分类器集成,同步提升鲁棒性与效率。该系统相较基线交换分类器实现40倍计算成本降低,生产流量拒答率保持在0.05%。通过超过1700小时的红队测试,验证其对通用越狱攻击的强大防护能力——所有攻击均未成功让系统对8个目标问题生成与无防护模型相当的详细回应。本工作确立了宪法分类器作为大模型实用高效防护机制的地位。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We introduce enhanced Constitutional Classifiers that deliver production-grade jailbreak robustness with dramatically reduced computational costs and refusal rates compared to previous-generation defenses. Our system combines several key insights. First, we develop exchange classifiers that evaluate model responses in their full conversational context, which addresses vulnerabilities in last-generation systems that examine outputs in isolation. Second, we implement a two-stage classifier cascade where lightweight classifiers screen all traffic and escalate only suspicious exchanges to more expensive classifiers. Third, we train efficient linear probe classifiers and ensemble them with external classifiers to simultaneously improve robustness and reduce computational costs. Together, these techniques yield a production-grade system achieving a 40x computational cost reduction compared to our baseline exchange classifier, while maintaining a 0.05% refusal rate on production traffic. Through extensive red-teaming comprising over 1,700 hours, we demonstrate strong protection against universal jailbreaks -- no attack on this system successfully elicited responses to all eight target queries comparable in detail to an undefended model. Our work establishes Constitutional Classifiers as practical and efficient safeguards for large language models.

模型安全越狱防御高效检测

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。