arXiv:2601.04616cs.LGcs.AI2026-01NeurIPS

提出可控制上下文效应阶数的神经选择模型,提升决策建模透明度。

DeepHalo: A Neural Choice Model with Controllable Context Effects

  • 基于特征的神经框架,显式控制选项间交互阶数。
  • 在真实与合成数据上表现优异,能区分不同阶次的上下文影响。
  • 适合需要解释决策逻辑的推荐与人机对齐场景。

建模人类决策是推荐系统、偏好学习和人机对齐的核心问题。尽管经典模型假设选择行为与上下文无关,但大量行为研究发现,偏好常受选项组合本身影响,即上下文效应或光环效应,可表现为两两之间(一阶)甚至更高阶的交互。现有模型要么局限于无特征设定,要么在特征设定下依赖受限的交互结构,或混杂所有阶次的交互,导致解释性差。本文提出 DeepHalo,一种融合特征的神经建模框架,支持对交互阶数的显式控制,并可对上下文效应进行合理解释。该模型通过按阶次系统识别交互效应,在无特征设定下可作为上下文依赖选择函数的通用逼近器。在合成与真实数据集上的实验表明,其具备强预测性能,同时揭示了决策背后的驱动因素。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Modeling human decision-making is central to applications such as recommendation, preference learning, and human-AI alignment. While many classic models assume context-independent choice behavior, a large body of behavioral research shows that preferences are often influenced by the composition of the choice set itself -- a phenomenon known as the context effect or Halo effect. These effects can manifest as pairwise (first-order) or even higher-order interactions among the available alternatives. Recent models that attempt to capture such effects either focus on the featureless setting or, in the feature-based setting, rely on restrictive interaction structures or entangle interactions across all orders, which limits interpretability. In this work, we propose DeepHalo, a neural modeling framework that incorporates features while enabling explicit control over interaction order and principled interpretation of context effects. Our model enables systematic identification of interaction effects by order and serves as a universal approximator of context-dependent choice functions when specialized to a featureless setting. Experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate strong predictive performance while providing greater transparency into the drivers of choice.

决策建模神经模型上下文效应

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