无需优化即可实现高效3D分割,支持多种场景表示。
DivAS: Interactive 3D Segmentation by Depth-Weighted Voxel Aggregation
- 通过深度加权体素聚合,用少量视角完成交互式3D分割
- 在LLFF上达到顶尖性能,且仅需消费级显存
- 适用于高斯点云和NeRF,计算效率高于基线2倍以上
交互式3D场景分割不应依赖特定表示的优化流程。我们发现,将2D基础模型掩码提升至3D的关键步骤——提示少数视图、用渲染深度优化掩码、融合多视角证据到体素网格——在不同场景表示中具有通用性。唯一依赖表示的部分是渲染器返回的深度信号和控制融合的占据先验。本文提出DivAS(深度交互体素聚合分割),一种无需优化、无需训练的框架,以统一的交互-融合骨架搭配轻量级表示特异性适配器,应用于高斯点云(GS)与NeRF骨干网络。在标准前向和无界基准测试中,GS版本性能媲美最先进优化方法,且在LLFF上表现最佳,同时是唯一能在标准分辨率下满足消费级显存限制的方法。两种实例均实现端到端运行速度达特征场基线的2倍以上,每次更新的融合核开销低于70毫秒。由于分割证据来自有限锚定视图,用户操作与计算量与训练集规模无关。相同骨架用于NeRF骨干时,性能匹配或超越基于优化的NeRF基线,验证了该方法在根本不同的3D表示间可迁移性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Interactive 3D segmentation of a reconstructed scene should not require a representation-specific optimization loop. We observe that the recipe for lifting 2D foundation-model masks into 3D, namely prompting a few views, refining the resulting masks with rendered depth, and fusing the multi-view evidence into a voxel grid, is shared across scene representations. What remains representation-specific is only the depth signal returned by the renderer and the occupancy prior that gates fusion. We present **DivAS** (Depth-interactive Voxel Aggregation Segmentation), an optimization-free, training-free framework that realizes this recipe as a single interaction-and-fusion skeleton with lightweight, representation-specific adapters, instantiated on both Gaussian Splatting (GS) and NeRF backbones. On standard forward-facing and unbounded benchmarks, the GS instantiation attains segmentation quality competitive with state-of-the-art optimization-based methods, and the best on LLFF, while being the only one to reach this quality within the consumer-hardware memory envelope at standard resolution. Both instantiations run end-to-end around $2$x faster than feature-field baselines, with a per-update fusion-kernel cost below $70$ ms. Because segmentation evidence is gathered from a small, bounded set of anchor views, user effort and computation remain independent of the training-set size. The same skeleton applied to a NeRF backbone matches or exceeds the performance of optimization-based NeRF baselines, confirming that the recipe transfers across fundamentally different 3D representations.
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