情绪影响AI表现，表扬让ChatGPT更好，责备则影响人际沟通
How Human is AI? Examining the Impact of Emotional Prompts on Artificial and Human and Responsiveness
- 用情绪化提示（表扬/愤怒/责备）测试ChatGPT响应质量变化
- 表扬使AI回答提升显著，责备无改善，愤怒带来小幅提升
- 情绪表达会延续到后续人与人交流，责备引发更多负面情绪
本研究考察了人机交互中情感基调对ChatGPT和人类行为的影响。在一项组间实验中，参与者在使用ChatGPT（GPT-4.0）完成两项任务时，需表达特定情绪：撰写公开回应及处理伦理困境。相比保持中性态度，当参与者表扬ChatGPT时，其回答质量显著提升；表达愤怒也带来一定改善，但幅度较小；而责备则未提高输出质量。在伦理决策任务中，愤怒情绪使ChatGPT更少优先考虑企业利益，责备则使其更强调公众利益保护。此外，经历责备后，参与者在后续人际沟通中使用了更多负面、敌意和失望的表达。结果表明，用户在人机交互中采用的情感基调不仅影响ChatGPT输出，还会影响后续的人际互动。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This research examines how the emotional tone of human-AI interactions shapes ChatGPT and human behavior. In a between-subject experiment, we asked participants to express a specific emotion while working with ChatGPT (GPT-4.0) on two tasks, including writing a public response and addressing an ethical dilemma. We found that compared to interactions where participants maintained a neutral tone, ChatGPT showed greater improvement in its answers when participants praised ChatGPT for its responses. Expressing anger towards ChatGPT also led to a higher albeit smaller improvement relative to the neutral condition, whereas blaming ChatGPT did not improve its answers. When addressing an ethical dilemma, ChatGPT prioritized corporate interests less when participants expressed anger towards it, while blaming increases its emphasis on protecting the public interest. Additionally, we found that people used more negative, hostile, and disappointing expressions in human-human communication after interactions during which participants blamed rather than praised for their responses. Together, our findings demonstrate that the emotional tone people apply in human-AI interactions not only shape ChatGPT's outputs but also carry over into subsequent human-human communication.
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