arXiv:2601.06081physics.space-phastro-ph.IM2026-01被引 2

首次在月球域观测多星座导航信号,验证了远距离接收可行性。

First Multi-Constellation Observations of Navigation Satellite Signals in the Lunar Domain by Post-Processing L1/L5 IQ Snapshots

  • 通过混合相干/非相干捕获,从低采样、4位量化数据中提取信号
  • 在26 dB-Hz阈值下,多星座使可见卫星≥4颗的时段占比从11%升至46%
  • 适用于规划月球及近月任务的自主导航系统设计

基于卢格雷(LuGRE)接收机在地月空间和月面采集的IQ快照,本研究评估了多频、多星座导航信号的可用性。除GPS和伽利略外,北斗(BeiDou)、RNSS及SBAS等系统信号亦可被观测并成功解调,且仅依赖记录的IQ快照实现。这些发现首次提供了多星座信号在地球前所未见远距离下可探测的实证。尽管采样率低、4位量化、持续时间短(200毫秒至2秒),仍可通过补偿码多普勒的混合相干/非相干捕获阶段提取有效观测量。该结果用于校准仿真工具并开展扩展仿真,表明引入更多星座显著提升可用性:在26 dB-Hz捕获门限下,可见卫星数不少于4颗的时段比例从11%提升至46%。结果表明,北斗、RNSS与SBAS信号可大幅提升月球及地月任务的GNSS自主性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The use of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) to increase spacecraft autonomy for orbit determination has gained renewed momentum following the Lunar GNSS Receiver Experiment (LuGRE), which demonstrated feasible onboard GPS and Galileo signal reception and tracking at lunar distances. This work processes in-phase and quadrature (IQ) snapshots collected by the LuGRE receiver in cis-lunar space and on the lunar surface to assess multi-frequency, multi-constellation signal availability. Signals from additional systems beyond GPS and Galileo, including RNSS and SBAS constellations, are observable and successfully acquired exclusively in the recorded IQ snapshots. These observations provide the first experimental evidence that signals from multiple constellations, including systems not supported by LuGRE realtime operations, are detectable at unprecedented distances from Earth. Useful observables can be extracted from the IQ snapshots, despite minimal sampling rates, 4-bit quantization, and short durations (200 ms-2 s), through a hybrid coherent/non-coherent acquisition stage compensating for code Doppler. These observations are exploited to tune simulation tools and to perform extended simulation campaigns, showing that the inclusion of additional constellations significantly improves availability; for a 26 dB-Hz acquisition threshold, the fraction of epochs with at least four visible satellites increases from 11% to 46% of the total epoch count. These findings indicate that BeiDou, RNSS, and SBAS signals can substantially enhance GNSS-based autonomy for lunar and cislunar missions.

GNSS月球导航多星座信号捕获

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