arXiv:2601.06152cs.AI2026-01被引 2

模仿海马体记忆机制,让AI助理更懂你。

HiMeS: Hippocampus-inspired Memory System for Personalized AI Assistants

  • 用强化学习训练短期记忆,主动预取知识
  • 分块长期记忆重排检索结果,提升相关性
  • 工业数据实测效果显著优于传统方法

大语言模型(LLMs)驱动众多交互系统,如聊天机器人、客服代理和个性化助手。在需要用户特定个性化的知识密集型场景中,传统检索增强生成(RAG)流程存在记忆容量有限、检索机制与用户对话历史协调不足的问题,导致重复澄清、无关文档出现,用户体验下降。受海马体-新皮层记忆机制启发,我们提出HiMeS,一种融合短期与长期记忆的AI助手架构。贡献包括:(1) 通过强化学习端到端训练短期记忆提取器,压缩近期对话并主动从知识库预取文档,模拟海马体与前额叶皮层的协作;(2) 分区式长期记忆网络存储用户专属信息并重排序检索结果,类比皮层分布式存储与记忆再激活;(3) 在真实工业数据集上,HiMeS 显著优于级联式RAG基线,在问答质量上表现更优;(4) 消融实验验证了双记忆模块的必要性,为构建更可靠、上下文感知、用户定制的LLM助手提供了可行路径。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large language models (LLMs) power many interactive systems such as chatbots, customer-service agents, and personal assistants. In knowledge-intensive scenarios requiring user-specific personalization, conventional retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) pipelines exhibit limited memory capacity and insufficient coordination between retrieval mechanisms and user-specific conversational history, leading to redundant clarification, irrelevant documents, and degraded user experience. Inspired by the hippocampus-neocortex memory mechanism, we propose HiMeS, an AI-assistant architecture that fuses short-term and long-term memory. Our contributions are fourfold: (1) A short-term memory extractor is trained end-to-end with reinforcement learning to compress recent dialogue and proactively pre-retrieve documents from the knowledge base, emulating the cooperative interaction between the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. (2) A partitioned long-term memory network stores user-specific information and re-ranks retrieved documents, simulating distributed cortical storage and memory reactivation. (3) On a real-world industrial dataset, HiMeS significantly outperforms a cascaded RAG baseline on question-answering quality. (4) Ablation studies confirm the necessity of both memory modules and suggest a practical path toward more reliable, context-aware, user-customized LLM-based assistants.

记忆系统个性化RAGLLM

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