为防止企业大模型数据泄露,提出隔离架构与会话自毁机制。
Burn-After-Use for Preventing Data Leakage through a Secure Multi-Tenant Architecture in Enterprise LLM
- 构建多租户隔离架构,强制上下文所有权边界。
- 会话结束后自动销毁数据,76.75%防残留泄漏成功率。
- 适合关注合规与数据安全的企业级AI部署者。
本研究提出一种安全多租户架构(SMTA)与新型“用后即焚”(BAU)机制,用于企业大模型环境中的数据泄露防护。随着机构在各部门广泛部署大模型,数据泄露风险已成为关键安全与合规问题。SMTA通过内部部署基础设施,实现部门间LLM实例的隔离,并严格界定上下文归属边界。BAU机制通过自动销毁使用后的临时对话上下文,防止跨会话或跨用户推理。评估包含127次可复现实验:其一,在55次基础设施级攻击测试中(如向量数据库凭证泄露、共享日志管道暴露),SMTA达成92%防御成功率,凸显凭证配置错误与可观测性管道的残留风险;其二,在72次真实故障场景下评估BAU鲁棒性,采用四项指标(本地残留率、远程残留率、图像帧暴露率、焚毁计时器残留率),整体防会话后泄露成功率达76.75%,覆盖客户端、服务端、应用层、基础设施及缓存层。结果表明,SMTA与BAU协同实现严格隔离、会话瞬时性、强保密性、非持久化及策略对齐行为。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This study presents a Secure Multi-Tenant Architecture (SMTA) combined with a novel concept Burn-After-Use (BAU) mechanism for enterprise LLM environments to effectively prevent data leakage. As institutions increasingly adopt LLMs across departments, the risks of data leakage have become a critical security and compliance concern. The proposed SMTA isolates LLM instances across departments and enforces rigorous context ownership boundaries within an internally deployed infrastructure. The BAU mechanism introduces data confidentiality by enforcing ephemeral conversational contexts that are automatically destroyed after use, preventing cross-session or cross-user inference. The evaluation to SMTA and BAU is through two sets of realistic and reproducible experiments comprising of 127 test iterations. One aspect of this experiment is to assess prompt-based and semantic leakage attacks in a multi-tenant architecture (Appendix A) across 55 infrastructure-level attack tests, including vector-database credential compromise and shared logging pipeline exposure. SMTA achieves 92% defense success rate, demonstrating strong semantic isolation while highlighting residual risks from credential misconfiguration and observability pipelines. Another aspect is to evaluate the robustness of BAU under realistic failure scenarios (Appendix B) using four empirical metrics: Local Residual Persistence Rate (LRPR), Remote Residual Persistence Rate (RRPR), Image Frame Exposure Rate (IFER), and Burn Timer Persistence Rate (BTPR). Across 72 test iterations, BAU achieves a 76.75% success rate in mitigating post-session leakage threats across the client, server, application, infrastructure, and cache layers. These results show that SMTA and BAU together enforce strict isolation, complete session ephemerality, strong confidentiality guarantees, non-persistence, and policy-aligned behavior for enterprise LLMs.
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