单电机实现抓取与双向旋转,靠机械设计自动切换模式。
SPINE Gripper: A Twisted Underactuated Mechanism-based Passive Mode-Transition Gripper
- 用扭转变形欠驱动机构实现单输入产生轴向收缩和旋转
- 抓取成功率达95%以上,双向旋转稳定且无需传感器
- 适合需要轻量化、免控制的机器人末端执行器场景
本文提出一种单执行器被动式夹爪,通过机械编码的动力传输逻辑,实现稳定抓取与连续双向手内旋转。与传统多执行器或依赖传感控制的多功能夹爪不同,该夹爪仅根据输入扭矩大小自动切换模式。核心是扭转变形欠驱动机构(TUM),能从单一旋转输入生成非共面运动——轴向收缩与旋转,且收缩量与旋转方向无关。摩擦发生器机械设定扭矩阈值,确保在建立稳定抓取后自动转入手内旋转,无需感知或主动控制。文中推导并验证了TUM的运动学、弹性力生成与扭矩传递的解析模型。实验评估显示抓取成功率超95%,摩擦调节抓持力,双向旋转性能优异。系统级演示包括螺栓操作、物体翻转及由腕部扭矩驱动的机械臂集成任务,均证实正反向可靠转换。结果表明,仅靠机械设计即可实现非共面多功能操作,为高复杂度夹爪提供了一种免执行器与控制的鲁棒替代方案。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This paper presents a single-actuator passive gripper that achieves both stable grasping and continuous bidirectional in-hand rotation through mechanically encoded power transmission logic. Unlike conventional multifunctional grippers that require multiple actuators, sensors, or control-based switching, the proposed gripper transitions between grasping and rotation solely according to the magnitude of the applied input torque. The key enabler of this behavior is a Twisted Underactuated Mechanism (TUM), which generates non-coplanar motions, namely axial contraction and rotation, from a single rotational input while producing identical contraction regardless of rotation direction. A friction generator mechanically defines torque thresholds that govern passive mode switching, enabling stable grasp establishment before autonomously transitioning to in-hand rotation without sensing or active control. Analytical models describing the kinematics, elastic force generation, and torque transmission of the TUM are derived and experimentally validated. The fabricated gripper is evaluated through quantitative experiments on grasp success, friction-based grasp force regulation, and bidirectional rotation performance. System-level demonstrations, including bolt manipulation, object reorientation, and manipulator-integrated tasks driven solely by wrist torque, confirm reliable grasp to rotate transitions in both rotational directions. These results demonstrate that non-coplanar multifunctional manipulation can be realized through mechanical design alone, establishing mechanically encoded power transmission logic as a robust alternative to actuator and control intensive gripper architectures.
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