研究虚假信息如何影响人，揭示认知弱点与防范策略。
Belief in False Information: A Human-Centered Security Risk in Sociotechnical Systems
- 梳理24个影响虚假信息信任度的因素，分六大类
- 低教育、高神经质等特征显著增加误信风险
- 适合安全、传播、心理领域研究者参考
本文系统综述了虚假信息（包括错误信息、虚假信息和假信息）的信念问题。随着人工智能等技术进步，社会对虚假信息的担忧日益加剧。本综述系统识别并分类了影响虚假信息信念的24个因素，涵盖人口统计学、人格特质、心理因素、政策与价值观、媒体消费及预防因素六大类别。关键发现表明：较低教育水平、高外向性、低宜人性、高神经质以及低认知反思能力显著提升对虚假信息的相信程度。同时讨论了标注虚假内容、促进正确性反思等预防策略的有效性。该综述将虚假信息信念概念化为社会技术系统中的人因安全风险，因其可被利用以操纵决策、削弱信任、增加社交工程攻击的脆弱性。旨在为增强社会技术安全与社会韧性提供预防策略依据。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This paper provides a comprehensive literature review on the belief in false information, including misinformation, disinformation, and fake information. It addresses the increasing societal concern regarding false information, which is fueled by technological progress, especially advancements in artificial intelligence. This review systematically identifies and categorizes factors that influence the belief in false information. The review identifies 24 influence factors grouped into six main categories: demographic factors, personality traits, psychological factors, policy and values, media consumption, and preventive factors. Key findings highlight that lower education levels, high extraversion, low agreeableness, high neuroticism, and low cognitive reflection significantly increase belief in false information. The effectiveness of preventive strategies like labeling false information and promoting reflection about correctness is also discussed. This literature review conceptualizes belief in false information as a human-centered security risk in sociotechnical systems, as it can be exploited to manipulate decisions, undermine trust, and increase susceptibility to social engineering. It aims to inform preventive strategies that strengthen socio-technical security and societal resilience.
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